Seasonal contamination of well-water in flood-prone colonias and other unincorporated U.S. communities
Seasonal contamination of well-water in flood-prone colonias and other unincorporated U.S. communities
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易发洪水的殖民地和其他美国非建制社区的井水季节性污染
DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140111
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Saleh, Navid B.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rowles III, Lewis Stetson;Hossain, Areeb I.;Ramirez, Isac;Durst, Noah J.;Ward, Peter M.;Kirisits, Mary Jo;Araiza, Isabel;Lawler, Desmond F.;Saleh, Navid B.
美国非法人社区的600万居民中，许多人依赖井水来满足他们的需求。其中一个非法人团体是殖民地，主要分布在美国西南部的几个州。德克萨斯州是这些自建社区数量最多的地方，大多数是低收入家庭，缺乏基本的基础设施。虽然一些州有法规规定这些社区必须有最低限度的基础设施，但许多居民仍然缺乏水和污水处理系统。无保护的威尔斯井和自建化粪池/污水池系统是许多这类殖民地的主要基础设施。本研究旨在探讨威尔斯和化粪池/污水池系统是如何受到强降雨事件的影响。据推测，这些事件会影响水质对人类健康的影响。无机和微生物水质的威尔斯在ninecoloniaslocated在Nueces县，得克萨斯州，进行了评估，在干燥和潮湿的时期。纽塞斯县被选为一个例子，是基于它的洪水历史和事实，那里的许多殖民地完全依赖井水和化粪池/污水池系统。结果表明，这些社区的井水质量随季节变化，砷（高达35微克/升）和细菌污染（大肠杆菌），取决于降雨量，这使得这一人群在潮湿和干燥时期都容易受到健康风险的影响。还对选定的样品进行了微生物群落分析。为了探讨类似的季节性井水污染，分析非法人团体，洪水频率，砷污染的威尔斯县在美国各地进行。这项全国性分析表明，由于社会经济、基础设施和政策现实的综合作用，美国其他地方的非法人社区可能在饮用水获取方面面临类似的挑战。
Many of the six million residents of unincorporated communities in the United States depend on well-water to meet their needs. One group of unincorporated communities is thecolonias, located primarily in several southwestern U.S. states. Texas is home to the largest number of these self-built communities, of mostly low-income families, lacking basic infrastructure. While some states have regulations that mandate minimum infrastructure for these communities, water and sewage systems are still lacking for many of their residents. Unprotected wells and self-built septic/cesspool systems serve as the primary infrastructure for many suchcolonias. This research was designed to probe how wells and septic/cesspool systems are influenced by heavy rainfall events. Such events are hypothesized to impact water quality with regard to human health. Inorganic and microbiological water quality of the wells in ninecoloniaslocated in Nueces County, Texas, were evaluated during dry and wet periods. Nueces County was selected as an example based on its flooding history and the fact that manycoloniasthere depend entirely on well-water and septic/cesspool systems. The results demonstrate that well-water quality in these communities varies seasonally with respect to arsenic (up to 35 μg/L) and bacterial contamination (Escherichia coli), dependent on the amount of rainfall, which leaves this population vulnerable to health risks during both wet and dry periods. Microbial community analyses were also conducted on selected samples. To explore similar seasonal contamination of well-water, an analysis of unincorporated communities, flooding frequency, and arsenic contamination in wells was conducted by county throughout the United States. This nationwide analysis indicates that unincorporated communities elsewhere in the United States are likely experiencing comparable challenges for potable water access because of a confluence of socioeconomic, infrastructural, and policy realities.