TOXICOKINETICS OF BONE LEAD
TOXICOKINETICS OF BONE LEAD
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DOI：
10.2307/3430979
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发表时间：
1991-02-01
影响因子：
10.4
通讯作者：
RABINOWITZ, MB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
RABINOWITZ, MB
这篇文章讨论了骨骼作为身体其他部位铅的来源，以及作为过去铅暴露的记录。 骨铅水平通常随年龄增长而增加，其速度取决于骨骼部位和铅暴露。 职业接触后，血铅的缓慢下降，半衰期为5至19年，反映了骨骼半衰期长。 骨铅的重复测量表明，铅从骨中的消除缓慢。 稳定同位素比率揭示了骨骼摄取和随后释放的许多细节。 密质骨的体积周转率约为每年2%，脊柱为8%。 周转活动因年龄和健康状况而异。 尽管铅接近钙、镭、锶、钡、氟和其他骨寻求者，但每一种的比率都是不同的。 一个简单的，两个池（骨和血液）动力学模型提出了建议的数值的变化，发生在周转率的变化，血铅水平的变化，提供了两种方法，以进一步量化铅周转。 其中一项涉及对已知过去接触过的受试者的研究。 血铅/骨铅比值随时间的变化可以反映骨铅有效性的变化过程。 此外，稳定同位素和从一个地理区域移动到另一个地理区域的受试者也提供了机会。 连续的同位素测量将表明血液中有多少铅来自当前的暴露或骨骼储存，而不是吸收或排泄的变化。
This article discusses bone as a source of lead to the rest of the body and as a record of past lead exposure. Bone lead levels generally increase with age at rates dependent on the skeletal site and lead exposure. After occupational exposure, the slow decline in blood lead, a 5- to 19-year half-life, reflects the long skeletal half-life. Repeated measurements of bone lead demonstrate the slow elimination of lead from bone. Stable isotope ratios have revealed many details of skeletal uptake and subsequent release. The bulk turnover rates for compact bone are about 2% per year and 8% for spine. Turnover activity varies with age and health. Even though lead approximates calcium, radium, strontium, barium, fluorine, and other bone seekers, the rates for each are different. A simple, two-pool (bone and blood) kinetic model is presented with proposed numerical values for the changes in blood lead levels that occur with changes in turnover rates.Two approaches are offered to further quantify lead turnover. One involves a study of subjects with known past exposure. Changes in the ratio of blood lead to bone lead with time would reflect the course of bone lead availability. Also, stable isotopes and subjects who move from one geographical area to another offer opportunities. Sequential isotope measurements would indicate how much of the lead in blood is from current exposure or bone stores, distinct from changes in absorption or excretion.