Loneliness and Social Isolation as Risk Factors for Mortality: A Meta-Analytic Review
Loneliness and Social Isolation as Risk Factors for Mortality: A Meta-Analytic Review
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DOI：
10.1177/1745691614568352
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发表时间：
2015-03-01
影响因子：
12.6
通讯作者：
Stephenson, David
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Holt-Lunstad, Julianne;Smith, Timothy B.;Stephenson, David
实际的和感知的社会孤立都与早期死亡的风险增加有关。在这篇荟萃分析综述中，我们的目标是建立社会隔离和孤独感的总体和相对程度，并研究可能的调节因素。我们使用MEDLINE、CINAHL、PsycINFO、Social Work Abstracts和谷歌Scholar对1980年1月至2014年2月的研究进行了文献检索。纳入的研究提供了受孤独、社会隔离或独居影响的死亡率的定量数据。在对几种可能的混杂因素进行统计控制的研究中，加权平均效应大小如下：社会隔离的优势比(OR) = 1.29，孤独的优势比= 1.26，独居的优势比= 1.32，分别对应于死亡率增加的可能性平均为29%，26%和32%。我们发现客观和主观社会隔离的测量没有差异。结果在性别、随访时间和世界地区之间保持一致，但初始健康状况对结果有影响。结果也因参与者的年龄而异，在平均年龄小于65岁的样本中，社会缺陷更能预测死亡。总体而言，客观和主观社会隔离对死亡风险的影响与公认的死亡风险因素相当。
Actual and perceived social isolation are both associated with increased risk for early mortality. In this meta-analytic review, our objective is to establish the overall and relative magnitude of social isolation and loneliness and to examine possible moderators. We conducted a literature search of studies (January 1980 to February 2014) using MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Social Work Abstracts, and Google Scholar. The included studies provided quantitative data on mortality as affected by loneliness, social isolation, or living alone. Across studies in which several possible confounds were statistically controlled for, the weighted average effect sizes were as follows: social isolation odds ratio (OR) = 1.29, loneliness OR = 1.26, and living alone OR = 1.32, corresponding to an average of 29%, 26%, and 32% increased likelihood of mortality, respectively. We found no differences between measures of objective and subjective social isolation. Results remain consistent across gender, length of follow-up, and world region, but initial health status has an influence on the findings. Results also differ across participant age, with social deficits being more predictive of death in samples with an average age younger than 65 years. Overall, the influence of both objective and subjective social isolation on risk for mortality is comparable with well-established risk factors for mortality.