WOMENS HEALTH AND NUTRITION RESEARCH - UNITED-STATES GOVERNMENTAL CONCERNS
WOMENS HEALTH AND NUTRITION RESEARCH - UNITED-STATES GOVERNMENTAL CONCERNS
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DOI：
10.1080/07315724.1993.10718318
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发表时间：
1993-08-01
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
CUMMINGS, NB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
CUMMINGS, NB
美国公共卫生署（USPHS）和国家卫生研究院（NIH）对妇女健康问题和妇女健康研究做出了重大承诺。“为了评估当今美国妇女生活背景下的妇女健康问题，”美国卫生部助理部长任命了一个工作组，该工作组于1985年发表的报告确定了问题，列出了15项建议，并作为在每个机构内建立小组的指南，以根据其适当的职责执行建议。国家卫生研究院设立了一个妇女健康问题咨询委员会，负责评估国家卫生研究院参与妇女健康研究的情况，提出实施或扩大这项研究的建议，包括建议将妇女纳入临床试验或证明排除妇女的合理性。成立了妇女健康研究办公室。1991年春，美国国立卫生研究院宣布了一项妇女健康倡议（WHI），该倡议将解决妇女的三个主要健康问题：心血管疾病、乳腺癌和结肠癌以及骨质疏松症。WHI将通过临床试验、观察性研究和社区试验提供综合的多学科方法。临床试验将评估激素替代疗法，钙/维生素D和脂肪/纤维的饮食改变。社区试验将针对相关风险因素实施已知的干预措施。这里介绍的是USPHS对解决妇女健康问题的任务的回应;来自美国国家卫生统计中心关于妇女疾病和风险因素的发病率和流行率的数据;关于WHI临床试验的细节;以及WHI适用于营养领域的方面。
The US Public Health Service (USPHS) and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) have a major commitment to women's health issues and to women's health research. ''To assess the problems of women's health in the context of the lives women in America lead today,'' the Assistant Secretary for Health, USPHS, appointed a task force whose report published in 1985 identified issues, listed 15 recommendations, and served as a guide for the establishment of groups within each agency to implement the recommendations according to their appropriate responsibilities. NIH established an Advisory Committee on Women's Health Issues which assessed NIH involvement in women's health research, made recommendations for implementation or expansion of this research, including a recommendation that women be included in clinical trials or their exclusion be justified. An Office of Research on Women's Health was created. The NIH announced a Women's Health Initiative (WHI) in the spring of 1991, which will address three of the leading health problems for women: cardiovascular disease, breast and colon cancer, and osteoporosis. The WHI will provide an integrated, multidisciplinary approach through clinical trials, observational studies, and community trials. Clinical trials will evaluate hormone replacement therapy, calcium/vitamin D, and dietary modification of fat/fiber. Community trials will implement known interventions for relevant risk factors. Presented here are USPHS response to the mandate to address women's health issues; data from the US National Center for Health Statistics about the incidence and prevalence of diseases and risk factors in women; details about the WHI clinical trial; and aspects of the WHI applicable to the field of nutrition.