Tobacco-specific nitrosamines in smokeless tobacco products marketed in India
Tobacco-specific nitrosamines in smokeless tobacco products marketed in India
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DOI：
10.1002/ijc.20966
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发表时间：
2005-08-10
影响因子：
6.4
通讯作者：
Gupta, PC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Stepanov, I;Hecht, SS;Gupta, PC
在印度，无烟烟草产品是口腔癌的已知病因。这些产品中的致癌烟草特有的亚硝胺被认为至少是致癌的部分原因，但最近还没有对其数量的分析。我们量化了目前在印度销售的32种产品中4种烟草特有的亚硝胺的水平，即N‘-亚硝基烟碱(NNN)、N’-亚硝基烟碱(NAT)、N‘-亚硝基烟碱(NAB)和4-(甲基亚硝基)-1-(3-吡啶)1-丁酮(NNK)。还测定了硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐和尼古丁的水平。烟草特有的亚硝胺含量最高的是某些品牌的卡伊尼、扎尔达和其他无烟烟草产品。这些产品中NNN和NNK的含量分别为1.74-76.9和0.08-28.4微克/克。古特卡中烟草特有的亚硝胺水平一般略低于这些产品，但仍大大高于食品中的亚硝胺水平。在不含烟草的苏帕里或牙粉中很少检测到烟草特有的亚硝胺。我们的研究结果表明，通过使用无烟烟草产品接触大量致癌烟草特有的亚硝胺仍然是印度的一个主要问题。(C)2005年Wiley-Liss，Inc.
Smokeless tobacco products are a known cause of oral cancer in India. Carcinogenic tobacco-specific nitrosamines in these products are believed to be at least partially responsible for cancer induction, but there have been no recent analyses of their amounts. We quantified levels of 4 tobacco-specific nitrosamines, N '-nitrosonornicotine (NNN), N '-nitrosoanatabine (NAT), N '-nitrosoanabasine (NAB) and 4-(methyinitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)1-butanone (NNK), in 32 products marketed currently in India. Levels of nitrate, nitrite and nicotine were also determined. The highest levels of tobacco-specific nitrosamines were found in certain brands of khaini, zarda and other smokeless tobacco products. Concentrations of NNN and NNK in these products ranged from 1.74-76.9 and 0.08-28.4 mu g/g, respectively. Levels of tobacco-specific nitrosamines in gutka were generally somewhat lower than in these products, but still considerably higher than nitrosamine levels in food. Tobacco-specific nitrosamines were rarely detected in supari, which does not contain tobacco, or in tooth powders. The results of our study demonstrate that exposure to substantial amounts of carcinogenic tobacco-specific nitrosamines through use of smokeless tobacco products remains a major problem in India. (c) 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.