Who's Stressed? Distributions of Psychological Stress in the United States in Probability Samples from 1983, 2006, and 2009
Who's Stressed? Distributions of Psychological Stress in the United States in Probability Samples from 1983, 2006, and 2009
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1559-1816.2012.00900.x
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发表时间：
2012-06-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Janicki-Deverts, Denise
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cohen, Sheldon;Janicki-Deverts, Denise
在1983年、2006年和2009年进行的3次全国调查中评估了心理压力。在所有三项调查中，女性的压力都高于男性;并且随着年龄、教育程度和收入的下降而增加。失业人员报告说压力很大，而退休人员报告说压力很小。所有协会都是相互独立的，也不受种族/族裔的影响。虽然少数民族通常比白人报告更多的压力，但当调整其他人口统计数据时，这些差异就失去了意义。2008 - 2009年的经济衰退几乎没有增加压力，除了中年，受过大学教育的全职白色男性。这些数据表明，女性、年轻人、社会经济地位较低的人以及可能遭受收入和财富重大损失的男性面临更大的压力相关健康风险。
Psychological stress was assessed in 3 national surveys administered in 1983, 2006, and 2009. In all 3 surveys, stress was higher among women than men; and increased with decreasing age, education, and income. Unemployed persons reported high levels of stress, while the retired reported low levels. All associations were independent of one another and of race/ethnicity. Although minorities generally reported more stress than Whites, these differences lost significance when adjusted for the other demographics. Stress increased little in response to the 20082009 economic downturn, except among middle-aged, college-educated White men with full-time employment. These data suggest greater stress-related health risks among women, younger adults, those of lower socioeconomic status, and men potentially subject to substantial losses of income and wealth.