"Naloxone Can Save Lives!" - Take-Home Naloxone Programs as Prophylaxis of Opiate Overdose Fatalities
"Naloxone Can Save Lives!" - Take-Home Naloxone Programs as Prophylaxis of Opiate Overdose Fatalities
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DOI：
10.1055/s-0041-108573
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发表时间：
2016-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
0.2
通讯作者：
Dettmer, K.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dichtl, A.;Stoever, H.;Dettmer, K.
纳洛酮是一种阿片类拮抗剂，40多年来一直用于紧急医疗援助。它可以在几分钟内逆转阿片类药物过量的影响，如呼吸抑制。由于大多数类阿片过量病例发生在私人场所，并有其他人（其他吸毒者、家人、朋友）目睹，因此在1990年代中期出现了让非专业医务人员也能接触到的想法。从那时起，在全球20多个国家实施了以社区为基础的阿片类药物过量预防计划，并分发了纳洛酮。纳洛酮带回家计划（THN）非常多样化，由于不同的国家法律的限制和资金，它们的规模和形式有很大差异。研究表明，外行人能够适当和安全地管理纳洛酮。此外，有迹象表明THN对减少阿片类药物相关死亡的影响。因此，世卫组织和欧洲药物致瘾监测中心强烈建议向吸毒者及其家人和同伴分发纳洛酮。迄今为止，在德国只有两个已知的项目。没有证据表明可以向有阿片类药物过量风险的人或药物过量的潜在目击者分发纳洛酮。建议在全国范围内覆盖，特别是在没有减少危害方法和过量死亡率高的地区分发纳洛酮。
Naloxone is an opioid-antagonist that has been used in emergency medical aid since more than 40 years. It reverses the effects of an opioid-overdose, like respiratory depression, within minutes. Since most of the cases of opioid-overdoses occur in private spaces and are witnessed by others (other drug-users, family, friends), the idea of making it accessible for medical lay-persons emerged in the mid-1990s. Since then, in more than 20 countries worldwide community-based opioid overdose prevention programs with naloxone distribution were implemented. Take Home Naloxone Programs (THN) are very divers, they vary a lot in sizes and forms because of different national legal restrictions and fundings. Studies show that lay persons are able to administer naloxone appropriately and savely. Furthermore there are indications for an influence of THN on reductions of opioid-related deaths. Therefore the distribution of naloxone to drug users and their families and peers is strongly recommended by WHO and EMCDDA. To date in Germany there are only two known projects. There is no evidence against the distribution of naloxone to persons at risk of an opioid-overdose or potential witnesses of an overdose. A nationwide coverage and particularly the distribution of naloxone in areas without harm reduction approaches and high rates of overdose deaths is recommended.