Real-Time Optimization and Adaptation of the Crosswind Flight of Tethered Wings for Airborne Wind Energy
Real-Time Optimization and Adaptation of the Crosswind Flight of Tethered Wings for Airborne Wind Energy
复制标题
机载风能系留翼侧风飞行实时优化与自适应
DOI：
10.1109/tcst.2014.2332537
复制
发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
M. Morari
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Zgraggen;L. Fagiano;M. Morari
机载风能系统旨在通过系在地面并受控飞行侧风路径的机翼产生的空气动力升力来产生可再生能源。考虑在风速和风向信息有限的情况下最大化发电机产生的平均功率的问题。在恒定系绳速度运行时，功率与机翼产生的牵引力有关。首先，对一般路径参数化的牵引力进行了研究。特别地，分析了牵引力对路径参数的敏感性。然后，利用该分析的结果来设计一种算法，以实时最大化力，从而最大化功率。该算法仅使用测量到的系绳上的牵引力和机翼的位置，并且能够适应系统的操作，以在不确定且随时间变化的风的情况下最大化平均力。还讨论了不准确的传感器读数和湍流的影响。所提出的算法不依赖于特定的硬件设置，并且可以充当现有控制结构的扩展。数值模拟和实验结果都强调了该方法的有效性。
Airborne wind energy systems aim to generate renewable energy by means of the aerodynamic lift produced using a wing tethered to the ground and controlled to fly crosswind paths. The problem of maximizing the average power developed by the generator, in the presence of limited information on wind speed and direction, is considered. At constant tether speed operation, the power is related to the traction force generated by the wing. First, a study of the traction force is presented for a general path parametrization. In particular, the sensitivity of the traction force on the path parameters is analyzed. Then, the results of this analysis are exploited to design an algorithm to maximize the force, hence the power, in real-time. The algorithm uses only the measured traction force on the tether and the wing's position, and it is able to adapt the system's operation to maximize the average force with uncertain and time-varying wind. The influence of inaccurate sensor readings and turbulent wind are also discussed. The presented algorithm is not dependent on a specific hardware setup and can act as an extension of existing control structures. Both numerical simulations and experimental results are presented to highlight the effectiveness of the approach.