Functional Sub-Circuits of the Olfactory System Viewed from the Olfactory Bulb and the Olfactory Tubercle.
Functional Sub-Circuits of the Olfactory System Viewed from the Olfactory Bulb and the Olfactory Tubercle.
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DOI：
10.3389/fnana.2017.00033
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Yamaguchi M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Yamaguchi M
对嗅觉神经回路的理解已经超越了对大脑如何处理来自外部环境的气味信息的分析。虽然空间组织的子电路被发现存在的嗅球（OB），在嗅觉皮层（OC），特别是在其代表梨状皮质（PC）的安排，出现弥漫和分散。一个新兴的观点是，OC神经元的活动可能不是简单地编码气味身份，而是编码塑料气味信息，如气味值。虽然许多研究支持这一概念，气味值可以是正的或负的，并且对应于个体值类型的子回路的存在没有被很好地探索。为了解决这个问题，我在这里介绍两个嗅觉区以外的PC，OB和嗅结节（OT）的分析可能有助于了解功能的子电路与不同的气味值。外周和离心输入的OB被认为涉及气味身份和气味值，分别和离心输入的OB可能代表不同的气味值在不同的行为时期。OT具有与不同动机和享乐行为相关的空间分离的功能域。因此，OT提供了一个很好的起点，从该起点可以追踪各个嗅觉区域的功能子回路。对嗅觉系统广泛领域的进一步分析可能会揭示将气味身份与不同气味值联系起来的功能子回路，并指导不同的气味诱导的动机和享乐行为。
Understanding of the olfactory neural circuits has progressed beyond analysis of how odor information from the external environment is processed in the brain. While spatially-organized sub-circuits were found to exist up to the olfactory bulb (OB), the arrangement in the olfactory cortex (OC), especially in its representative piriform cortex (PC), appears diffuse and dispersed. An emerging view is that the activity of OC neurons may not simply encode odor identity but rather encode plastic odor information such as odor value. Although many studies support this notion, odor value can be either positive or negative, and the existence of sub-circuits corresponding to individual value types is not well explored. To address this question, I introduce here two olfactory areas other than the PC, OB and olfactory tubercle (OT) whose analysis may facilitate understanding of functional sub-circuits related to different odor values. Peripheral and centrifugal inputs to the OB are considered to relate to odor identity and odor value, respectively and centrifugal inputs to the OB potentially represent different odor values during different behavioral periods. The OT has spatially-segregated functional domains related to distinct motivated and hedonic behaviors. Thus, the OT provides a good starting point from which functional sub-circuits across various olfactory regions can be traced. Further analysis across wide areas of the olfactory system will likely reveal the functional sub-circuits that link odor identity with distinct odor values and direct distinct odor-induced motivated and hedonic behaviors.