Organic contaminants in Canadian municipal sewage sludge. Part I. Toxic or endocrine-disrupting phenolic compounds
Organic contaminants in Canadian municipal sewage sludge. Part I. Toxic or endocrine-disrupting phenolic compounds
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DOI：
10.2166/wqrj.2002.046
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发表时间：
2002-01-01
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Peart, TE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lee, HB;Peart, TE
从加拿大各地城市采集的35个城市的污泥样本中，发现了多种有毒或干扰内分泌的化学物质，如壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚(NPEO)、4-壬基酚(NP)、4-叔辛基酚(OP)、双酚A(BPA)、三氯生(TCS)、五氯苯酚(PCP)、六氯酚(HCP)和四溴双酚A(TBBPA)。样品用超临界二氧化碳提取，用公开的方法将酚类转化为乙酰衍生物。乙氧基化物用高效液相色谱-荧光检测器进行分析。其他萃取物经过硅胶柱净化后，以电子碰撞或负离子化学电离模式进行胶体分析。除极少数例外，上述化合物均存在于所有样品中。这些污染物在样本中的水平差别很大。含量较高的化学物质是NP及其单乙氧基化物和二乙氧基化物，中位数分别为232、69.4和26.4µg/g(干重)。常见的抗菌剂三氯生、双酚A和六氯苯酚也普遍存在于污泥样品中，中位浓度分别为12.5、0.45和0.37微克/克。同样存在的还有PCP和TBBPA，尽管浓度要低得多，中位数分别为27.7和12.4 ng/g。除最后两种化合物外，所有化学品都是家用和工业洗涤剂以及个人护理产品的各种配方中的成分或添加剂。应调查这些有毒化学物质由于污水污泥的土地扩散而到达水环境的潜在危险。
The occurrence of toxic or endocrine-disrupting chemicals such as nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPEO), 4-nonylphenol (NP), 4-tert-octylphenol (OP), bisphenol A (BPA), triclosan (TCS), pentachlorophenol (PCP), hexachlorophene (HCP), and tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) in 35 sewage sludge samples collected from cities across Canada is documented. Samples were extracted by supercritical carbon dioxide and the phenols were converted into their acetyl derivatives using published methods. The ethoxylates were analyzed by HPLC with a fluorescence detector. The other extracts, after silica gel column cleanup, were analyzed by GUMS in either the electron impact or negative-ion chemical ionization mode. With minor exceptions, the above-mentioned compounds were present in all samples. The levels of these contaminants varied widely in the samples. The more abundant chemicals were NP as well as its mono- and di-ethoxylates, with median concentrations of 232, 69.4, and 26.4 mug/g (dry weight), respectively. Triclosan, a common antibacterial agent, BPA, and HCP were also ubiquitous in the sludge samples, with median concentrations of 12.5, 0.45, and 0.37 mug/g, respectively. Also present, albeit at much lower concentrations, were PCP and TBBPA, with median concentrations of 27.7 and 12.4 ng/g, respectively. Except for the last two compounds, all the chemicals are components or additives in various formulations of household and industrial detergents and personal care products. The potential risk of these toxic chemicals reaching the aquatic environment as a result of land spreading of sewage sludge should be investigated.