EXTENSIVE BLEACHING AND DEATH OF REEF CORALS ON THE PACIFIC COAST OF PANAMA
EXTENSIVE BLEACHING AND DEATH OF REEF CORALS ON THE PACIFIC COAST OF PANAMA
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DOI：
10.1017/s0376892900012248
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发表时间：
1983-01-01
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
GLYNN, PW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
GLYNN, PW
最近造礁珊瑚的“漂白”和死亡广泛发生在帕纳马-哥斯达黎加边界附近的帕纳马（奇里基湾）太平洋沃茨。所有水珊瑚（千孔珊瑚属）在Chiriquí的非上升流环境中，石珊瑚（5属）受到一定程度的影响。大型底栖动物的其他成员没有显示出压力的迹象（活动减少，发病率）或减少丰度。受影响的区域包括大陆、近岸和近海岛屿以及邻近沃茨，面积约为10 000平方公里。在奇里基湾的进一步调查可能会揭示更广泛的死亡率。这种干扰开始于旱季（1983年1月至4月），当时天空晴朗，降雨量少，河流排水量最小。我第一次观察到大，“漂白”珊瑚斑块（面积达100平方米）在3月中旬，和其他人的观察表明，珊瑚“漂白”发生在2月，可能早在1月中旬。3月中旬观察到的正常和“漂白”珊瑚到4月底分别“漂白”和死亡，这表明干扰是长期的。到旱季结束时，受影响地区80%至95%的珊瑚严重“漂白”或死亡。
Recent ‘bleaching’ and death of hermatypic (reef-building) corals has occurred extensively in Pacific Ocean waters of Panamá (Gulf of Chiriquí), near the Panamá-Costa Rica border. All hydrocorals (Millepora spp.) and scleractinian corals (5 genera) have been affected to some degree in the non-upwelling environment of Chiriquí. No other members of the macrobenthos showed signs of stress (lowered activities, morbidity) or reduced abundance. The affected area, including the mainland, nearshore and offshore islands, and adjacent waters, is about 10,000 km2. Further surveys in the Gulf of Chiriquí may reveal even more extensive mortality.This disturbance began in the dry season (January–April 1983), during a period of clear skies, low rainfall, and minimal river drainage. I first observed large, ‘bleached’ coral patches (up to 100 m2 in area) in mid-March, and observations by others indicate that coral ‘bleaching’ occurred in February and possibly as early as mid-January. Normal and ‘bleached’ corals observed in mid-March were ‘bleached’ and dead, respectively, by the end of April, suggesting that the disturbance is protracted. By the end of the dry season, 80 to 95% of all corals in the affected areas were severely ‘bleached’ or dead.