Assessing groundwater coupling and vertical exchange in a meromictic mining lake with an SF6-tracer experiment

Assessing groundwater coupling and vertical exchange in a meromictic mining lake with an SF6-tracer experiment
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通过 SF6 示踪剂实验评估半积矿湖中的地下水耦合和垂直交换

DOI:
10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.04.004
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发表时间:
2009
影响因子:
6.4
通讯作者:
B. Boehrer
B. Boehrer
中科院分区:
地球科学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
von Rohden;J. Ilmberger ;B. Boehrer

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对一个小型层状采矿湖的单层水层进行了定量研究,探讨了地下水-湖泊相互作用、地表混合和垂向交换。虽然湖水很浅(约4.7米),但它显示出强烈的分相作用。永久性化学跃层与稳定的密度分层相联系,在0.6-1.9m的变化深度处将混合层与缺氧层分开。我们进行了示踪实验,注入0.3 μmol的人为气体SF6到该单层。每月测得的垂直浓度分布延长了2年,我们检测和量化的地下水耦合。通过平衡示踪剂,估计monimolimonion的交换时间接近每年一次。从CTD铸件和热敏电阻链数据中,我们提取了有关混合的其他信息。对于水和示踪剂平衡,我们包括了在温暖的时期,在混合层的强对流混合的monimolimonion表面的侵蚀。加标前的SF6背景测量表明,通过化学跃层密度阶跃的扩散运输必须非常低,即,接近分子水平。所观察到的季节性变化的化跃层深度可以被认为是一个几乎稳定的地下水流入的结果,这支持了生长的monimolimonion,和强烈的季节性混合的mixolimonion,这对分层和侵蚀的monimolimonion。在较长的时间尺度上,化学跃层被发现在侵蚀过程的水平平衡补给的monimolimonion从地下水。
Groundwater–lake interaction in conjunction with surface mixing and vertical exchange were quantitatively examined for the monimolimnion in a small stratified mining lake. Although the lake is shallow (∼4.7m), it shows a strong meromixis. The permanent chemocline, which is connected with stable density stratification, separates the mixolimnion from the anoxic monimolimnion at a variable depth of only 0.6–1.9m. We conducted a tracer experiment, injecting ∼3μmol of anthropogenic gas SF6into the monimolimnion. With monthly measured vertical concentration profiles extended over 2 years we detected and quantified the groundwater coupling. An exchange time close to once per year was estimated for the monimolimnion by balancing the tracer. From CTD casts and thermistor chain data we extracted additional information about mixing. For the water and tracer balances, we included the erosion of the monimolimnion surface by strong daily convective mixing in the mixolimnion during the warm period. SF6background measurements before spiking indicate that diffusive transport through the chemocline density step must be very low, i.e., close to the molecular level. The observed seasonal variability of the chemocline depth can be considered as the result of a virtually steady inflow of groundwater, which supports the growth of the monimolimnion, and strong seasonal mixing in the mixolimnion, which acts against the stratification and erodes the monimolimnion. Over longer time scales, the chemocline is to be found at the level where erosive processes balance the recharging of the monimolimnion from groundwater.
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