Fair society, healthy lives : the Marmot Review : strategic review of health inequalities in England post-2010.
Fair society, healthy lives : the Marmot Review : strategic review of health inequalities in England post-2010.
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公平社会，健康生活：土拨鼠评论：2010 年后英格兰健康不平等的战略审查。
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发表时间：
2010
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通讯作者：
M. Marmot
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作者：
M. Marmot
在上一次演讲的基础上，迈克尔·G。Marmot指出，公平和贫困是需要讨论的重要议题，原因有二：（1）贫困和社会弱势的程度可能使人们更容易受到环境挑战的影响，（2）这些问题可以通过调整物理和生物环境政策与社会环境政策来解决。他指出，三项主要审查支持这一方法：（1）健康的社会决定因素委员会的《缩小一代人之间的差距》（2008年），（2）《公平社会，健康生活：英国健康不平等战略审查》的《旱獭审查》（2010年），以及（3）《卫生的社会决定因素和世卫组织欧洲区域的健康鸿沟审查》：最后报告（2013年）。他说，《欧洲评论》采用了一种模式，其基础是从更广泛的社会、更广泛的宏观层面（其中包括奥斯瓦尔德·斯普林提出的专题）和治理制度积累对生命过程各阶段（产前、早年、工作年龄[16至64岁]和老年）的健康和福祉的积极和消极影响。Marmot解释说，所有社会都有社会等级制度，但社会和经济不平等所带来的健康和公平程度在不同国家并不相同。当比较欧洲各国按教育水平分列的男性死亡率的绝对不平等时，差距很大，东欧国家的不平等程度比西欧、北欧和南欧国家大得多（Mackenbach等人，2008年）。
Building off the previous presentation, Michael G. Marmot noted that equity and poverty are important topics to discuss for two reasons: (1) the degree of poverty and social disadvantage can render people more susceptible to environmental challenges, and (2) these issues can be addressed by aligning policies on the physical and biological environ ments with those on the social environment. He pointed out that three major reviews support this approach: (1) Closing the Gap in a Gener ation (2008) from the Commission on Social Determinants of Health, (2) Fair Society, Healthy Lives: The Marmot Review (2010) from the Stra tegic Review of Health Inequalities in England, and (3) Review of Social Determinants of Health and the Health Divide in the WHO European Region: Final Report (2013). He stated that the European Review utilized a model based on the accumulation of positive and negative effects on health and well-being during the life course stages (prenatal, early years, working ages [16 to 64 years], and older ages) from the wider society, the broader macrolevel (which includes topics that Oswald Spring presented), and systems of governance. Marmot explained that all societies have social hierarchies, but the magnitude of health and equity that follows from social and economic inequity is not the same in different countries. When comparing the absolute inequality in male death rates by level of education across European countries, the mag nitude varies enormously, with countries in Eastern Europe experiencing much greater inequalities than countries in the west, north, and south (Mackenbach et al., 2008).