From Binary Deontics to Deontic Continua: The Nature of Human (and Robot) Norm Systems
From Binary Deontics to Deontic Continua: The Nature of Human (and Robot) Norm Systems
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从二元道义学到道义连续体：人类（和机器人）规范系统的本质
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发表时间：
2018
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通讯作者：
Bertram Malle
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作者：
Bertram Malle
为了使人工自主智能体成为对社会安全且有益的贡献者，我们可能会努力为它们配备规范。以往关于规范是什么以及如何将其形式化的模型通常依赖于二元道义概念（禁止或不禁止，必须或不必须等等）。但是人类的规范可能并非二元的；它们可能是连续的。在两项研究中，我们表明人们始终且一致地区分涵盖不同禁止程度和规定程度的道义短语。鉴于这些结果，机器人规范的形式系统必须具有足够的表达能力来处理这种道义连续体。
. To make artificial autonomous agents safe and beneficial contributors to society we may strive to equip them with norms. Previous models of what norms are and how they could be formalized have typically relied on binary deontic concepts (forbidden or not, obligatory or not, etc.). But human norms may not come as binaries; they may come as continua. In two studies, we show that people consistently and consensually distinguish between deontic phrases that span degrees of prohibition and degrees of prescription. In light of these results, formal systems for norms in robots must be expressive enough to handle such deontic continua.