Knowing when (not) to attempt ecological restoration
Knowing when (not) to attempt ecological restoration
复制标题
知道何时（不）尝试生态恢复
DOI：
10.1111/rec.12413
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
S. Wotherspoon
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
C. Johnson;R.H. Chabot;M. Marzloff;S. Wotherspoon
在这里，我们认为在恢复生态系统的决策过程中有两个重要的步骤，但往往被忽视。首先，恢复的考虑是对观察到的系统变化的反应，但生态系统在其正常动态中可能会有很大的波动。因此，有必要解释生态变化；代表正常运作的生态系统的“典型”波动的群落结构变化不需要恢复，而与系统相变相关的变化很可能需要恢复行动。其次，在需要进行恢复工作的地方，需要确定管理部门的反应是否可能在资源限制的情况下取得成功。在生态变化涉及明显滞后的地方，即使是巨大的努力，也可能几乎没有机会实现恢复到首选的生态系统状态。理论和模型表明，考虑生态系统的特征长度尺度(CLSS)提供了对生态变化的明确解释，使“典型”波动与相移能够区分开来，这里我们表明，可以根据物种的动态计算真实群落的CLSS，并且它们的行为如理论所预测的那样。我们还表明，对于了解局部相互作用和强迫的生态系统，经过验证的模拟模型可以提供一种现成的方法来识别滞后并估计其大小。我们的结论是，生态学家可以使用有用的工具来解决以下关键问题：(1)是否首先有必要进行恢复尝试，如果是的话，(2)进行恢复尝试是否可行。
Here we argue that there are two important steps in the decision process to restore ecological system that are often ignored. First, consideration of restoration is in response to observed change in a system, but ecological systems can fluctuate widely in their normal dynamic. Thus, there is an imperative to interpret ecological change; shifts in community structure that represent “typical” fluctuations in a properly functioning ecosystem do not warrant restoration, while change associated with phase shift in the system may well demand restoration action. Second, where restoration effort is warranted, it needs to be determined whether management responses are likely to be successful within resource constraints. Where ecological change involves pronounced hysteresis, even massive effort may have little chance in effecting recovery to a preferred ecosystem state. Theory and models indicate that consideration of the characteristic length scales (CLSs) of ecological systems provides an unambiguous interpretation of ecological change, enabling differentiation of “typical” fluctuations from phase shift, and here we show that CLSs can be calculated for real communities from their species' dynamics, and that their behavior is as predicted from theory. We also show that for ecological systems where local interactions and forcings are well understood, validated simulation models can provide a ready means to identify hysteresis and estimate its magnitude. We conclude that there are useful tools available for ecologists to address the key questions of (1) whether restoration attempts are warranted in the first place and, if they are, (2) whether it is practical to pursue them.