The 1998 eruption of Axial Seamount: New insights on submarine lava flow emplacement from high‐resolution mapping
The 1998 eruption of Axial Seamount: New insights on submarine lava flow emplacement from high‐resolution mapping
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1998 年轴海山喷发：高分辨率测绘对海底熔岩流就位的新见解
DOI：
10.1002/ggge.20202
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
A. M. Bobbitt
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
W. Chadwick;D. Clague;R. Embley;M. Perfit;David A. Butterfield;D. Caress;J. Paduan;J. F. Martin;P. Sasnett;S. Merle;A. M. Bobbitt
Axial Seamount是胡安·德富卡海脊（Juan de Fuca Ridge）上的一座活海底火山，位于北纬46 °、西经130 °，于1998年1月沿着其上南裂谷带11公里处喷发。我们使用船载多波束声纳，高分辨率（1米）测深，侧扫声纳图像和潜水观测来绘制1998年四个独立的熔岩流，这些熔岩流来自11个喷发裂缝。这些新的绘图结果给出了31 × 106 m3的喷发量，其中70%在最北方的气流中，23%在最南端的气流中，7%在中间的两个较小的气流中。我们介绍了地图尺度的海底熔岩流形态的概念（在数百米的尺度下观察，如高分辨率测深所揭示的），以及一个解释模型，其中两个地图尺度的形态是由高渗出率喷发产生的：“膨胀的叶状流”在喷发口附近形成，在它们向下排放超过0.5 - 1.0 km的地方，它们过渡到“膨胀的枕状流”。这两种形态是在1998年Axial的熔岩流上观察到的。第三个地图规模的流动形态，不是在这次喷发中产生的，“枕丘”，是由低渗出率喷发形成的，其中枕状熔岩直接堆积在喷发口上。2011年4月，轴向海山再次喷发，1998年和2011年的喷发有着显著的相似之处，特别是喷发口的位置和熔岩流形态。由于2011年的火山喷发重复使用了大部分相同的喷发裂缝，1998年熔岩流的58%现在被2011年的熔岩覆盖。
Axial Seamount, an active submarine volcano on the Juan de Fuca Ridge at 46°N, 130°W, erupted in January 1998 along 11 km of its upper south rift zone. We use ship‐based multibeam sonar, high‐resolution (1 m) bathymetry, sidescan sonar imagery, and submersible dive observations to map four separate 1998 lava flows that were fed from 11 eruptive fissures. These new mapping results give an eruption volume of 31 × 106 m3, 70% of which was in the northern‐most flow, 23% in the southern‐most flow, and 7% in two smaller flows in between. We introduce the concept of map‐scale submarine lava flow morphology (observed at a scale of hundreds of meters, as revealed by the high‐resolution bathymetry), and an interpretive model in which two map‐scale morphologies are produced by high effusion‐rate eruptions: “inflated lobate flows” are formed near eruptive vents, and where they drain downslope more than 0.5–1.0 km, they transition to “inflated pillow flows.” These two morphologies are observed on the 1998 lava flows at Axial. A third map‐scale flow morphology that was not produced during this eruption, “pillow mounds,” is formed by low effusion‐rate eruptions in which pillow lava piles up directly over the eruptive vents. Axial Seamount erupted again in April 2011 and there are remarkable similarities between the 1998 and 2011 eruptions, particularly the locations of eruptive vents and lava flow morphologies. Because the 2011 eruption reused most of the same eruptive fissures, 58% of the area of the 1998 lava flows is now covered by 2011 lava.
喷发的山丘：上洋地壳的组成部分
影响因子：
5.8
作者：
Yeo I
通讯作者：
Yeo I