PHYSIOLOGICAL, ENVIRONMENTAL, AND SUBJECTIVE DETERMINANTS OF FOOD-INTAKE IN HUMANS - A MEAL PATTERN-ANALYSIS
PHYSIOLOGICAL, ENVIRONMENTAL, AND SUBJECTIVE DETERMINANTS OF FOOD-INTAKE IN HUMANS - A MEAL PATTERN-ANALYSIS
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DOI：
10.1016/0031-9384(88)90331-9
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发表时间：
1988-01-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
DECASTRO, JM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
DECASTRO, JM
通过连续 7 天的饮食行为和主观饥饿的日记自我报告，对 31 名成年人的自发食物摄入量进行了调查。使用五种不同的定义来确定膳食，并根据食物营养价值的计算机文件估计其总热量、碳水化合物、脂肪和蛋白质的组成。通过使用单变量和多重相关技术将膳食量与间隔时间、估计的胃内容物和自我报告的饥饿感相互关联来分析这些数据。人们发现人类的喂养是根据餐前因素进行调节的；餐前间隔、估计餐前胃内容物和自我报告的饥饿感与膳食量显着相关。无论进餐被评估为自发的还是受外部因素限制，这些相关性都很显着，但当进餐发生在没有其他人在场的情况下时，相关性更强。非人类物种中存在的餐后量与餐后间隔持续时间之间的餐后关系仅在单独考虑单独进餐时才存在于人类中。这表明物种差异可能是由于观察的社会背景造成的。研究发现，碳水化合物、脂肪和蛋白质的摄入量对摄入的总食物能量有抑制作用，从而对随后的摄入量和主观饥饿感产生抑制作用。然而，人们发现蛋白质可以抑制随后的摄入量和主观饥饿感，而与蛋白质对总热量的贡献无关，这表明大量营养素具有不同的饱腹感。这些结果表明，人类的膳食模式是有规律的、可测量的和可概括的，并且可以通过分析来揭示摄入量与个体的生理、环境和主观状态之间的规律关系。
The spontaneous food intake of 31 adult humans was investigated with diary self-reports of ingestive behaviors and subjective hunger over 7 consecutive days. Meals were identified, using five different definitions, and their composition of total calories, carbohydrate, fat, and protein was estimated from a computer file of the nutritive value of foods. These data were analyzed by intercorrelating meal sizes with intermeal intervals, estimated stomach contents and self-reported hunger with univariate and multiple correlation techniques. Human feeding was found to be regulated on the basis of preprandial factors; the premeal interval, estimated premeal stomach content, and self-reported hunger significantly correlating with the meal size. These correlations were significant regardless of whether the meal was evaluated as spontaneous or constrained by external factors, but were stronger when the meals occurred without other people being present. The postprandial relationship between the meal size and the duration of the postmeal interval, which is present in nonhuman species, was only present in humans when meals that were eaten alone were considered separately. This suggests that the species differences may be due to the social context of observation. The intake of carbohydrate, fat, and protein was found to have a suppressive effect on subsequent intake and subjective hunger through their contributions to total food energy ingested. Protein, however, was found to suppress subsequent intake and subjective hunger independent of its contribution to total calories, suggesting that the macronutrients have differing satiating properties. These results demonstrate that the meal patterns of humans are regular, measurable and generalizable and can be analyzed to reveal lawful relationships between intake and the physiological, environmental, and subjective state of the individual.