Widespread Chemical Detoxification of Alkaloid Venom by Formicine Ants
Widespread Chemical Detoxification of Alkaloid Venom by Formicine Ants
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DOI：
10.1007/s10886-015-0625-3
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发表时间：
2015-10-01
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Gilbert, Lawrence E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
LeBrun, Edward G.;Diebold, Peter J.;Gilbert, Lawrence E.
解毒竞争对手的防御化合物的能力提供了关键的生态优势，可以影响社区一级的进程。虽然在植物和细菌中很常见，但这种类型的解毒相互作用在动物中非常罕见。在这里，使用实验室行为测定和分析录像互动在南美洲，我们报告广泛的毒液解毒蚂蚁亚科。在这两个数据集，9个蚁毒种，代表所有主要的分支，使用一个刻板的梳理行为，自我应用甲酸（酸孔梳理），以响应火蚁（红火蚁和S。saevissima）毒液暴露。在实验室分析中，这种行为增加了物种暴露于S后的存活率。昆虫毒液物种表达的行为时，暴露于额外的生物碱毒液，包括成分相似的哌啶毒液的一个额外的火蚁物种和吡咯烷/吡咯啉生物碱毒液的Monomorium物种。此外，物种表达的行为暴露后，一个Crematogaster物种的未知毒液。然而，物种没有表达酸孔梳理时，面对蛋白质为基础的蚂蚁毒液或暴露于单萜类化合物为基础的毒液。这种模式，结合甲酸与毒液生物碱反应的特定化学反应，表明生物碱毒液是解毒梳理的目标。Solenopsis小偷蚂蚁，和Monomorium物种脱颖而出，作为产生哌啶，吡咯烷和吡咯啉毒液的蚁巢捕食者，为使用解毒行为提供了重要的生态环境。去铁化行为也代表了一种机制，可以影响周围的食物竞争的组装优势等级的顺序。因此，这种行为可能会影响蚂蚁聚集通过各种生态途径。
The ability to detoxify defensive compounds of competitors provides key ecological advantages that can influence community-level processes. Although common in plants and bacteria, this type of detoxification interaction is extremely rare in animals. Here, using laboratory behavioral assays and analyses of videotaped interactions in South America, we report widespread venom detoxification among ants in the subfamily Formicinae. Across both data sets, nine formicine species, representing all major clades, used a stereotyped grooming behavior to self-apply formic acid (acidopore grooming) in response to fire ant (Solenopsis invicta and S. saevissima) venom exposure. In laboratory assays, this behavior increased the survivorship of species following exposure to S. invicta venom. Species expressed the behavior when exposed to additional alkaloid venoms, including both compositionally similar piperidine venom of an additional fire ant species and the pyrrolidine/pyrroline alkaloid venom of a Monomorium species. In addition, species expressed the behavior following exposure to the uncharacterized venom of a Crematogaster species. However, species did not express acidopore grooming when confronted with protein-based ant venoms or when exposed to monoterpenoid-based venom. This pattern, combined with the specific chemistry of the reaction of formic acid with venom alkaloids, indicates that alkaloid venoms are targets of detoxification grooming. Solenopsis thief ants, and Monomorium species stand out as brood-predators of formicine ants that produce piperidine, pyrrolidine, and pyrroline venom, providing an important ecological context for the use of detoxification behavior. Detoxification behavior also represents a mechanism that can influence the order of assemblage dominance hierarchies surrounding food competition. Thus, this behavior likely influences ant-assemblages through a variety of ecological pathways.