Chemical responses of an invasive plant to herbivory and abiotic environments reveal a novel invasion mechanism
Chemical responses of an invasive plant to herbivory and abiotic environments reveal a novel invasion mechanism
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入侵植物对草食和非生物环境的化学反应揭示了一种新的入侵机制
DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140452
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Siemann Evan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Xiao Li;Ding Jianqing;Zhang Jialiang;Huang Wei;Siemann Evan
入侵植物的环境在沿着纬度和原生地与引进地之间存在差异。在响应草食动物和非生物胁迫，不同的纬度和范围之间，入侵植物可能会改变其次生化学物质，以促进入侵的成功。然而，目前还不清楚是否以及如何入侵植物的化学反应植食性和化学反应的非生物环境。我们进行了大规模的现场调查的草食动物的入侵乌桕（Triadica sebifera）沿沿着纬度在其原产地（中国）和引进的范围（美国），并收集叶样品的单宁和黄酮类化合物的分析。我们使用气候和太阳辐射的数据来研究这些化学反应对非生物环境的反应及其沿着这些纬度和范围之间的变化。我们还重新分析了以前发表的数据，从多个常见的花园实验乌桕树，调查遗传分歧的次生化学物质浓度之间的引进和本地种群。我们发现，叶单宁和草食动物（咀嚼，吸吮）是较高的本地范围相比，入侵范围。分配单宁与黄酮类化合物减少与纬度在本地范围内，但没有变化的入侵范围。以前发表的共同花园的实验数据分析表明，遗传分歧有助于范围之间的化学浓度差异。我们的田间数据进一步表明，在中国的纬度模式主要是对草食动物的表型反应，而在美国，它们主要是对非生物环境的表型反应。单宁的变化可能与类黄酮有关，因为单宁和类黄酮共享生物合成途径。总之，我们的研究结果表明，入侵植物调整其次生代谢，以减少主要防御草食动物的化学物质，并增加那些帮助它们对非生物环境作出反应的化学物质。这些发现加深了我们对入侵植物如何通过次生化学反应之间的权衡来适应地理异质性环境的理解。
Invasive plant environments differ along latitudes and between native and introduced ranges. In response to herbivory and abiotic stresses that vary with latitudes and between ranges, invasive plants may shift their secondary chemicals to facilitate invasion success. However, it remains unclear whether and how invasive plant chemical responses to herbivory and chemical responses to abiotic environments are associated. We conducted large scale field surveys of herbivory on the invasive tallow tree (Triadica sebifera) along latitudes in both its native (China) and introduced ranges (United States) and collected leaf samples for analyses of tannins and flavonoids. We used data on climate and solar radiation to examine these chemical responses to abiotic environments and their variations along these latitudes and between ranges. We also re-analyzed previously published data from multiple common garden experiments on tallow tree to investigate genetic divergence of secondary chemical concentrations between introduced and native populations. We found foliar tannins and herbivory (chewing, sucking) were higher in the native range compared to the invasive range. Allocation to tannins versus flavonoids decreased with latitude in the native range but did not vary in the invasive range. Analyses of previously published common garden experimental data indicated genetic divergence contributes to chemical concentration differences between ranges. Our field data further indicated that the latitudinal patterns were primarily phenotypic responses to herbivory in China while in US they were primarily phenotypic responses to abiotic environments. The variation of tannins may be linked to flavonoids, given tannins and flavonoids share a biosynthesis pathway. Together, our results suggest that invasive plants adjust their secondary metabolism to decrease chemicals that primarily defend against herbivory and increase those that help them to respond to their abiotic environment. These findings deepen our understanding of how invasive plants adapt to biogeographically heterogeneous environments through trade-offs between secondary chemical responses.