Assessing regional and global water footprints for the UK
Assessing regional and global water footprints for the UK
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ecolecon.2009.12.008
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发表时间：
2010-03
影响因子：
7
通讯作者：
Yang Yu;K. Hubacek;K. Feng;D. Guan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Yang Yu;K. Hubacek;K. Feng;D. Guan
最近提出了水足迹的概念，作为人类用水量的一个重要指标。水足迹被定义为生产和消费商品和服务过程中使用的水的总量以及人类直接消耗的水。在生产过程中，水不仅直接消耗，而且间接消耗。因此，计算水足迹使我们能够量化整个全球供应链的总用水量。在本文中，我们开发了一个由水消耗系数扩展的区域投入产出（IO）模型，以量化英格兰东南部和东北部以及英国不同消费类别的各自生活水足迹，即沿区域供应链直接和间接消耗的水。此外，通过应用多区域投入产出（MRIO）模型，我们计算了总水足迹，其中包括国内用水量和其他国家生产在调查区域进口和消费的商品和服务所需的水。这两个足迹还包括家庭的直接用水量。就这两个地区而言，我们可以观察到相对缺水的英格兰东南部和水资源丰富的英格兰东北部之间的区域（国内和总）水足迹存在非常明显的区域差异。我们发现，东南部的人均生活水足迹比东北部的人均生活水足迹高22%。主要用水户包括农业、食品、电力和天然气生产以及酒店和餐饮。东南地区人均水足迹总量（1257m3/年）是东北地区人均水足迹总量（597m3/年）的两倍多。家庭用水足迹只关注区域边界内的供应链效应和相关的水消耗，这通常是决策者和水公司更感兴趣的，他们关心各自行政边界或流域内水资源的供需平衡。总水足迹可以评估全球影响，支持全球供应链管理，并在资源消耗方面引入公平和公平的概念。
The concept of the water footprint has been recently introduced as an important indicator for human-induced water consumption. The water footprint is defined as the total volume of water used during production and consumption of goods and services as well as direct water consumption by humans. Water is not only consumed directly but also indirectly in production processes. Therefore, calculating the water footprint enables us to quantify total water consumed along the whole global supply chain. In this paper, we develop a regional input–output (IO) model extended by water consumption coefficients to quantify the respective domestic water footprint for different consumption categories for the South-East and North-East of England and the UK, i.e. the water consumed directly and indirectly along the regional supply chain. In addition, we calculate the total water footprints which include both domestic water consumption and the water required in other countries to produce goods and services imported and consumed in the region under investigation through applying a multi-regional input–output (MRIO) model. Both footprints also include households' direct consumption of water. With regards to the two regions, we can observe a very pronounced regional disparity of regional (domestic and total) water footprints between the relatively water-scarce South-East and the water-rich North-East of England. We find that the domestic water footprint per capita in the South-East is 22% higher than the domestic water footprint per capita in the North-East. The key water consumers include Agriculture, Food Products, Electricity and Gas Production, and Hotel and Catering. The total water footprints per capita in the South-East (1257m3/year) are more than twice the ones in the North-East (597m3/year). The domestic water footprint focuses only on the supply chain effects and associated water consumption within the regional boundaries, which are usually of higher interest to policy makers and water companies concerned with the balance of supply and demand of water resources within their respective administrative boundaries or watersheds. The total water footprint allows assessing global effects and supports global supply chain management and is also introducing notions of fairness and equity in terms of resource consumption.