The double identity of linguistic doubling
The double identity of linguistic doubling
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1613749113
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发表时间：
2016-11-29
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Vaknin-Nusbaum, Vered
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Berent, Iris;Bat-El, Outi;Vaknin-Nusbaum, Vered
语言知识是由抽象的原则组成的，还是完全体现在感觉运动系统中？为了解决这个问题，我们调查了Double的双重身份(例如，slaflaf，或者通常是XX；其中X代表音素成分)。众所周知，在语言分析的不同层面(音韵学与词法)，双重使用会引起相互冲突的偏好。在这里，我们展示了这些偏好在单个说话者的大脑中是活跃的，它们明显不同于感觉运动压力。我们首先证明了英语新词中的重叠词会引起不同的认知：被认为是无意义的(语音)形式，重叠词是不受欢迎的(例如，slaflaf<；slafmak)，但一旦形式上的重叠词与意义系统地联系在一起(例如，slaflaf=ball，slaflaf=ball)，双重厌恶就会转化为可靠的(形态)偏好。接下来，我们展示了手语天真的说话者自发地将这些原则投射到美国手语中的新手语中，他们做到这一点的能力取决于他们所说语言的结构(英语与希伯来语)。这些结果表明，语言偏好与感觉运动需求双重分离：一个单一的刺激可以引起不同的知觉，但这些知觉在刺激通道中是不变的--对于言语和手势。这些结论符合这样一种可能性，即一些语言原则是抽象的，它们广泛适用于各种语言情态。
Does knowledge of language consist of abstract principles, or is it fully embodied in the sensorimotor system? To address this question, we investigate the double identity of doubling (e.g., slaflaf, or generally, XX; where X stands for a phonological constituent). Across languages, doubling is known to elicit conflicting preferences at different levels of linguistic analysis (phonology vs. morphology). Here, we show that these preferences are active in the brains of individual speakers, and they are demonstrably distinct from sensorimotor pressures. We first demonstrate that doubling in novel English words elicits divergent percepts: Viewed as meaningless (phonological) forms, doubling is disliked (e.g., slaflaf < slafmak), but once doubling in form is systematically linked to meaning (e.g., slaf = ball, slaflaf = balls), the doubling aversion shifts into a reliable (morphological) preference. We next show that sign-naive speakers spontaneously project these principles to novel signs in American Sign Language, and their capacity to do so depends on the structure of their spoken language (English vs. Hebrew). These results demonstrate that linguistic preferences doubly dissociate from sensorimotor demands: A single stimulus can elicit diverse percepts, yet these percepts are invariant across stimulus modality-for speech and signs. These conclusions are in line with the possibility that some linguistic principles are abstract, and they apply broadly across language modality.