Resilience and disaster governance: Some insights from the 2015 Nepal earthquake
Resilience and disaster governance: Some insights from the 2015 Nepal earthquake
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.ijdrr.2018.10.017
复制
发表时间：
2019-02
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Lai Ming Lam;Rob Kuipers
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lai Ming Lam;Rob Kuipers
尽管越来越多的研究指出复原力与灾害治理密切相关，但大多数研究往往是概念性的讨论，未能解决实际问题。为了进一步促进对这一主题的了解，我们研究了如何在尼泊尔2015年地震后的背景下运用和实施复原力，重点是住房重建项目。采用了混合方法，包括对两份主要的灾后恢复文件进行政策分析，并在努瓦科特和达丁两个地震重灾区进行了广泛的实地研究。我们发现，复原力在很大程度上仍然是一个概念性和描述性的目标，缺乏良好灾害治理的关键组成部分。我们的研究表明，整个尼泊尔重建进程的特点是社区参与程度低，弱势群体被排除在外；这破坏了建立一个有复原力的社会的希望。从尼泊尔的教训中吸取教训，我们认为，复原力练习必须侧重于赋权过程。干预，特别是权力下放的治理结构以及灵活、包容和适应性强的重建政策，将加强地方参与和协作，这是建立复原力的关键。如果没有当地的赋权程序，复原力只会成为一个‘流行语’或口号，其有效性注定会失败。
Despite the fact that a growing number of studies point out that resilience and disaster governance are closely linked, most studies tend to be conceptual discussions and fail to address the practical considerations. To further contribute to the knowledge of this subject, we study how resilience has been operationalized and implemented in the Nepal post-2015 earthquake context, with a focus on housing reconstruction projects. A mixed methodology was employed, including a policy analysis of the two main disaster recovery documents and extensive field study in two heavily earthquake-hit districts, Nuwakot and Dhading. We find that being resilient remains a largely conceptual and descriptive goal, and that the key components for good disaster governance are missing. Our study shows that the entire Nepal reconstruction process was characterized as one of low level community participation and vulnerable groups were excluded; this undermined the hope for building a resilient society. Learning from the Nepal lessons, we argue that resilience practice must focus on the empowering process. Intervention and particularly the decentralizing governance structure and flexible, inclusive and adaptive reconstruction policies will enhance local participation and collaboration which are the keys to building resilience. Without a local empowerment process, resilience will simply serve as a ‘buzz word’ or slogan, and its effectiveness is doomed to failure.