Why Do Antibiotics Exist?
Why Do Antibiotics Exist?
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DOI：
10.1128/mbio.01966-21
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发表时间：
2021-12-21
期刊：
影响因子：
6.4
通讯作者：
Dennehy JJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Spagnolo F;Trujillo M;Dennehy JJ
在与抗生素耐药性的斗争中，我们正在失败。现在有一个严重的威胁，那就是进入后抗生素世界。在频率和强度方面，世界各地对所有临床批准的抗生素都产生了高水平的耐药性。临床批准的新抗生素的可用寿命通常不到十年，然后耐药性达到如此高的频率，以至于只需谨慎使用。然而，数千年来，微生物一直在生产抗生素，而耐药性并没有成为一个生死存亡的问题。如果耐药性是抗生素使用的必然结果，就像人类的经历一样，为什么它没有成为微生物的一个问题，特别是因为耐药性基因在自然界中和负责抗生素生产的基因一样普遍？在这里，我们问抗生素是如何存在的，因为在人类行走地球之前，耐药基因几乎无处不在地存在于生产和使用抗生素的微生物中。我们发现，微生物生产和使用抗生素的背景可能是理解如何随着时间的推移管理耐药性的关键，抗生素合成和耐药性是成对关系存在的，很像密码和密钥，影响微生物群落组装。最后，我们提出了具有凝聚力的、基于生态的“秘密社会”假说来解释抗生素在自然界中的长寿。
In the struggle with antibiotic resistance, we are losing. There is now a serious threat of moving into a postantibiotic world. High levels of resistance, in terms of both frequency and strength, have evolved against all clinically approved antibiotics worldwide. The usable life span of new clinically approved antibiotics is typically less than a decade before resistance reaches frequencies so high as to require only guarded usage. However, microbes have produced antibiotics for millennia without resistance becoming an existential issue. If resistance is the inevitable consequence of antibiotic usage, as has been the human experience, why has it not become an issue for microbes as well, especially since resistance genes are as prevalent in nature as the genes responsible for antibiotic production? Here, we ask how antibiotics can exist given the almost ubiquitous presence of resistance genes in the very microbes that have produced and used antibiotics since before humans walked the planet. We find that the context of both production and usage of antibiotics by microbes may be key to understanding how resistance is managed over time, with antibiotic synthesis and resistance existing in a paired relationship, much like a cipher and key, that impacts microbial community assembly. Finally, we put forward the cohesive, ecologically based “secret society” hypothesis to explain the longevity of antibiotics in nature.
影响因子：
11.8
作者：
Grenet K;Guillemot D;Jarlier V;Moreau B;Dubourdieu S;Ruimy R;Armand-Lefevre L;Bau P;Andremont A
通讯作者：
Andremont A