Statistical regularities shape semantic organization throughout development.
Statistical regularities shape semantic organization throughout development.
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统计规律塑造了整个开发过程中的语义组织。
DOI：
10.1016/j.cognition.2020.104190
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Sloutsky,VladimirM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Unger,Layla;Savic,Olivera;Sloutsky,VladimirM
我们关于世界的知识不仅被表示为概念的集合，而且被表示为一个有组织的词汇-语义网络，其中概念可以通过关系来链接，例如相同稳定类别的成员之间的“分类”关系(例如，猫和羊)，或者一起出现或在相同上下文中出现的实体之间的关联(例如，袜子和脚)。到目前为止，对语义组织起源的描述在很大程度上忽略了对环境中普遍存在的统计规则的敏感性如何在塑造语义发展中发挥强大的作用。本研究的目的是考察4-5岁儿童和成人的语义组织是如何以统计规则的形式存在的，概念的标签在语言中(例如，袜子和脚)和分类关联性(例如，袜子和睡衣)中共同出现。为了考察不同发展阶段的语义组织的这些方面，我们进行了三个实验，考察了同现和分类关联性对线索回忆(实验1)、词-图匹配(实验2)和视觉世界范式中的观看动力学(实验3)的影响。综上所述，三个实验的结果提供了证据，证明概念之间基于共现的联系从儿童早期开始在语义组织中表现出来，并且越来越多地被分类联系所补充。我们结合语义发展理论对这些发现进行了讨论。
Our knowledge about the world is represented not merely as a collection of concepts, but as an organized lexico-semantic network in which concepts can be linked by relations, such as “taxonomic” relations between members of the same stable category (e.g.,catandsheep), or association between entities that occur together or in the same context (e.g.,sockandfoot). To date, accounts of the origins of semantic organization have largely overlooked how sensitivity to statistical regularities ubiquitous in the environment may play a powerful role in shaping semantic development. The goal of the present research was to investigate how associations in the form of statistical regularities with which labels for concepts co-occur in language (e.g.,sockandfoot) and taxonomic relatedness (e.g.,sockandpajamas) shape semantic organization of 4–5-year-olds and adults. To examine these aspects of semantic organization across development, we conducted three experiments examining effects of co-occurrence and taxonomic relatedness on cued recall (Experiment 1), word-picture matching (Experiment 2), and looking dynamics in a Visual World paradigm (Experiment 3). Taken together, the results of the three experiments provide evidence that co-occurrence-based links between concepts manifest in semantic organization from early childhood onward, and are increasingly supplemented by taxonomic links. We discuss these findings in relation to theories of semantic development.