Systematic Identification of Endogenous Retroviral Protein-Coding Genes Expressed in Canine Oral Malignant Melanoma
Systematic Identification of Endogenous Retroviral Protein-Coding Genes Expressed in Canine Oral Malignant Melanoma
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DOI：
10.3389/fviro.2021.785678
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发表时间：
2021-11
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
K. Kitao;Aoi Sumiyoshi;S. Nakagawa;Y. Matsumoto;T. Mizuno;T. Miyazawa
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
K. Kitao;Aoi Sumiyoshi;S. Nakagawa;Y. Matsumoto;T. Mizuno;T. Miyazawa
内源性逆转录病毒（erv）是过去感染宿主生殖细胞的祖先逆转录病毒的残余。大多数erv被认为是非功能元件，但一些erv保留了能够表达蛋白质的开放阅读框（orf）。erv - orf编码的蛋白在肿瘤发生中具有潜在的作用；然而，对人类和老鼠以外的哺乳动物的研究是有限的。在这里，我们鉴定了erv衍生的基因在犬口腔恶性黑色素瘤（OMM）中表达。我们在我们的OMM样本中鉴定了11个erv衍生基因。差异表达基因分析显示，与健康组织相比，OMM中有四个erv衍生基因（PEG10、LOC102155597和两个新发现的基因）表达上调。PEG10是哺乳动物中保守的长末端重复（LTR）型反转录转座子衍生基因，与人类癌症有关。LOC102155597是一种在食肉动物中保守的逆转录病毒环境基因。这种Env蛋白含有免疫抑制结构域，暗示对免疫系统有潜在的不利影响。虽然在人类和小鼠黑色素瘤中有erv产生病毒颗粒的报道，但我们没有发现erv衍生的基因具有产生病毒颗粒的潜力。这些结果为了解哺乳动物黑色素瘤中erv衍生基因的不同和保守特征提供了见解。
Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) are remnants of ancestral retroviruses that infected host germ cells in the past. Most ERVs are thought to be non-functional elements, but some ERVs retain open reading frames (ORFs) capable of expressing proteins. The proteins encoded by ERV-ORFs have potential roles in oncogenesis; however, studies on mammals other than humans and mice are limited. Here, we identified ERV-derived genes expressed in canine oral malignant melanoma (OMM). We identified 11 ERV-derived genes in our OMM samples. Differential expression gene analysis revealed that four ERV-derived genes (PEG10, LOC102155597, and two newly identified genes) were upregulated in OMM compared to healthy tissues. PEG10 is a conserved long terminal repeat (LTR)-type retrotransposon-derived gene among mammals and is involved in human cancers. LOC102155597 is a retroviral env gene conserved in Carnivora. This Env protein harbors an immunosuppressive domain, implying the potential adverse effects on the immune system. While the production of viral particles from ERVs has been reported in human and mouse melanoma, we found no ERV-derived genes having the potential to produce viral particles. These results provide insights into the different and conserved features of ERV-derived genes in mammalian melanoma.