Carbon monoxide induced PPARγ SUMOylation and UCP2 block inflammatory gene expression in macrophages.

Carbon monoxide induced PPARγ SUMOylation and UCP2 block inflammatory gene expression in macrophages.
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DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0026376
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发表时间:
2011
期刊:
影响因子:
3.7
通讯作者:
Otterbein LE
Otterbein LE
中科院分区:
综合性期刊3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Haschemi A;Chin BY;Jeitler M;Esterbauer H;Wagner O;Bilban M;Otterbein LE

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一氧化碳 (CO) 以过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体-γ (PPARγ) 和 p38 丝裂原激活蛋白激酶 (MAPK) 依赖性方式抑制促炎反应。此前,我们证明CO通过激活PPARγ来抑制脂多糖(LPS)诱导的巨噬细胞中促炎性早期生长反应1(Egr-1)转录因子的表达。在这里,我们进一步表征了 CO 调节 PPARγ 活性和 Egr-1 抑制的分子机制。我们证明 CO 增强 PPARγ 的 SUMO 化,我们发现这归因于线粒体 ROS 的生成。 SUMO化缺陷型 PPARγ-K365R 突变体的异位表达部分消除了 CO 介导的 LPS 诱导的 Egr-1 启动子活性抑制。 PPARγ-K77R 突变体的表达不会削弱 CO 的作用。除了 PPARγ SUMO 化之外,CO 激活的 p38 MAPK 还负责 Egr-1 抑制。阻断 CO 诱导的 PPARγ SUMO 化和 p38 激活,完全逆转 CO 对炎症基因表达的影响。在从 C57/BL6 雄性小鼠中分离的原代巨噬细胞中,我们确定 CO 形成的线粒体 ROS 是部分通过解偶联蛋白 2 (UCP2) 观察到的对 Egr-1 影响的上游触发因素。与野生型巨噬细胞相比,来自 Ucp2 基因敲除 C57/BL6 小鼠 (Ucp2 −/−) 的骨髓中分离出的巨噬细胞在 CO 暴露下产生的 ROS 显着减少。此外,UCP2的缺失导致CO介导的Egr-1抑制完全丧失。总的来说,这些结果表明 p38 激活、PPARγ-SUMO 化和通过 UCP2 形成 ROS 是 CO 影响炎症反应的一个协作系统。
Carbon monoxide (CO) dampens pro-inflammatory responses in a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) dependent manner. Previously, we demonstrated that CO inhibits lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced expression of the proinflammatory early growth response-1 (Egr-1) transcription factor in macrophages via activation of PPARγ. Here, we further characterize the molecular mechanisms by which CO modulates the activity of PPARγ and Egr-1 repression. We demonstrate that CO enhances SUMOylation of PPARγ which we find was attributed to mitochondrial ROS generation. Ectopic expression of a SUMOylation-defective PPARγ-K365R mutant partially abolished CO-mediated suppression of LPS-induced Egr-1 promoter activity. Expression of a PPARγ-K77R mutant did not impair the effect of CO. In addition to PPARγ SUMOylation, CO-activated p38 MAPK was responsible for Egr-1 repression. Blocking both CO-induced PPARγ SUMOylation and p38 activation, completely reversed the effects of CO on inflammatory gene expression. In primary macrophages isolated form C57/BL6 male mice, we identify mitochondrial ROS formation by CO as the upstream trigger for the observed effects on Egr-1 in part through uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2). Macrophages derived from bone marrow isolated from Ucp2 gene Knock-Out C57/BL6 mice (Ucp2 −/−), produced significantly less ROS with CO exposure versus wild-type macrophages. Moreover, absence of UCP2 resulted in a complete loss of CO mediated Egr-1 repression. Collectively, these results indentify p38 activation, PPARγ-SUMOylation and ROS formation via UCP2 as a cooperative system by which CO impacts the inflammatory response.
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