'You Can Give Even if You Only Have Ten Rupees!': Muslim charity in a Colombo housing scheme
'You Can Give Even if You Only Have Ten Rupees!': Muslim charity in a Colombo housing scheme
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“即使你只有十卢比，你也可以捐赠！”：科伦坡住房计划中的穆斯林慈善机构
DOI：
10.1017/s0026749x1700021x
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
0.9
通讯作者：
OSELLA F
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
OSELLA F
最近对当代伊斯兰或穆斯林慈善方式的研究集中在主体化的过程中，慈善的给予者和接受者习惯于或工艺自己的虔诚，社会责任和（新自由主义）经济技巧的伦理。然而，这些研究几乎完全集中在那些给予慈善的人身上，导致过度强调给予者的观点，以及他们在决定穷人如何处理日常生活和想象未来方面的作用。因此，穆斯林穷人也可能参与的小规模馈赠关系--使穷人同时成为慈善的施与者和接受者--被掩盖或完全抹去。在这篇文章中，我们认为，穷人的关注可能并不总是或不一定是那些富有的慈善捐助者。科隆博社区的穷人和工人阶级穆斯林通过接受和提供sadaqa和zakat，想象着融入和属于科隆博更广泛的穆斯林社区，这并不取决于慈善组织和（中产阶级）虔诚捐助者的调解和教育干预。重要的是，这种包容和归属感的想象出现在穆斯林穷人越来越被（中产阶级）话语边缘化的时候，通过将慈善作为一种“帮助穷人帮助自己”的手段，将社会经济提升变成了一种道德责任，因此，未能改善自己已经成为更广泛的道德缺陷的症状。
Recent research on contemporary modalities of Islamic or Muslim philanthropy has focused on processes of subjectification through which givers and recipients of charity are habituated or craft themselves to an ethic of piety, social responsibility, and (neoliberal) economic virtuosity. These studies, however, have concentrated almost exclusively on those who give charity, leading to an over-emphasis on the perspectives of givers, and on their role in determining how the poor might deal with their everyday lives and imagined futures. As a result, small-scale gifting relations in which the Muslim poor may also be involved—making the poor simultaneously givers and recipients of charity—have been obscured or erased altogether. In this article, we argue that the concerns of the poor might not always or necessarily be those of the wealthy donors of charity. By receiving and giving sadaqa and zakat, poor and working-class Muslims in a Colombo neighbourhood imagine inclusion and belonging to the wider Muslim community in Colombo, which is not contingent upon the mediation and pedagogical interventions of charitable organizations and (middle-class) pious donors. Importantly, this imagination of inclusion and belonging comes at a time when the Muslim poor are increasingly marginalized by virtue of a (middle-class) discourse that, by framing charity as a means ‘to help the poor to help themselves’, has turned socio-economic upliftment into an ethical duty and, consequently, failure to improve oneself has become the symptom of wider moral shortcomings.