Conceptual design and evaluation of a human machine interface for highly automated truck driving
Conceptual design and evaluation of a human machine interface for highly automated truck driving
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高度自动化卡车驾驶人机界面的概念设计和评估
DOI：
10.1109/ivs.2018.8500520
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Britta Michel
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
N. T. Richardson;C. Lehmer;M. Lienkamp;Britta Michel
车辆自动化与各种好处联系在一起，例如提高燃料和运输效率，以及增加驾驶舒适性。自动化还伴随着各种缺点，例如，失去对情况的感知、技能的丧失以及关于系统功能的不适当的信任级别。不同的自动化水平存在不同的缺点。由于高度自动化驾驶(3级)要求驾驶员在有限的时间内接管关键情况下的驾驶任务，因此需要适当的人机界面(HMI)。为了促进充分和有效的人机交互，这一贡献提出了一种以用户为中心的迭代方法，用于高度自动化卡车驾驶的人机界面设计。专家研讨会被用来开发最初的想法和人机界面草图。研讨会的结果与有关高度自动化汽车驾驶的HMI设计的科学发现相结合。基于这些发现，创建了一个论文原型，并与专家一起使用混合定性方法(启发式评估、发声思考)进行了评估。结果被落实到人机界面的概念中。在第三步中，人机界面被概念化为视频原型，从而能够进行更详细的评估。专家们再次被要求使用定性(大声思考)和定量(问卷)的方法来评估HMI。结果是一个视频原型，展示了高度自动化驾驶的HMI策略，旨在促进成功的人机交互。在人机界面设计中，明确考虑了驾驶员的信息需求、情境感知和信任等相关问题。下一步包括在驾驶模拟器中实施人机界面和用户评估，以让用户在半真实的驾驶环境中体验人机界面。
Vehicle automation is linked to various benefits such as an increase in fuel and transport efficiency, as well as an increase in driving comfort. Automation also comes with a variety of downsides e.g. loss of situation awareness, loss of skills as well as inappropriate trust levels regarding system functionality. Drawbacks differ between automation levels. As highly-automated driving (level 3) requires the driver to take over the driving task in critical situations within a limited period of time, the need for an appropriate human-machine interface (HMI) arises. To foster adequate and efficient humanmachine interaction, this contribution presents a user-centered, iterative approach for HMI design for highly-automated truck driving.An expert workshop was conducted to develop first ideas and HMI ketches. Workshop results were combined with scientific findings regarding HMI design for highly-automated car driving. Based on those findings, a paper prototype was created and evaluated with experts, using an approach of mixed qualitative methods (heuristic evaluation, thinking aloud). The outcome was implemented to the HMI concept. In a third step, the HMI was conceptualized as video prototype enabling a more detailed evaluation. Again, experts were asked to assess the HMI using qualitative (thinking aloud) and quantitative methods (questionnaires).The result represents a video prototype showing a HMI strategy for highly-automated driving, aiming at fostering a successful human-machine interaction. Relevant issues such as drivers’ informational needs, situation awareness and trust were explicitly considered during HMI design. Next steps comprise HMI implementation and user evaluation in a driving simulator to let users experience the HMI in a semi-real driving context.