Evaluation of immunoassay methods for detection, in urine, of drugs subject to abuse.
Evaluation of immunoassay methods for detection, in urine, of drugs subject to abuse.
复制标题
用于检测尿液中滥用药物的免疫测定方法的评估。
作者：
S. Mulé;M. L. Bastos;D. Jukofsky
通过放射免疫测定法（RIA）、“酶倍增免疫测定技术”（“EMIT”）和血凝抑制法（HI）获得的尿液中滥用药物的结果相互比较，并与荧光测定法和薄层色谱法（TLC）进行比较。免疫测定法和荧光法具有高度灵敏度（30 µg/L至2 mg/L）。交叉反应性（缺乏特异性）因检测方法和药物而异，范围从无反应到超过试验药物的反应。与TLC相比，免疫测定的假阳性百分比范围为3 - 31。然而，TLC的实际灵敏度水平仅为1-5毫克/升。假阴性小于2%。使用EMIT系统（对于使用该系统的药物测定），假值（阴性和阳性）的总百分比范围为5 - 13。所有的免疫测定法是可靠的测定范围内，相对容易使用，不需要样品处理，几百个样品可以在8小时内进行分析，但成本是中等偏高，这取决于测定或样品体积。明智地使用免疫化学，荧光分光光度法和薄层色谱法检测尿液中的精神药物，可以快速，可靠和有效地监测药物使用或滥用。
Results for abused drugs in urine, as obtained by radioimmunoassay (RIA), the "Enzyme Multiplied Immunoassay Technique" ("EMIT"), and hemagglutination inhibition (HI), were compared with each other, with fluorimetry, and with thin-layer chromatography (TLC). The immunoassays and fluorimetric methods were highly sensitive (30 µg/liter to 2 mg/ liter). Cross-reactivity (lack of specificity) varied with the method tested and the drug, ranging from no reaction to one exceeding that of the assay drug. The percentage of false positives for the immunoassays in comparison to TLC ranged from 3 to 31. The practical level of sensitivity for TLC, however, was only 1-5 mg/liter. False negatives were less than 2%. With the EMIT system (for those drug assays for which it is used), the total percentage of false values (negative and positive) ranged from 5 to 13. All the immunoassays were reliable within the limitations of the assay, relatively easy to use, did not require sample treatment, and several hundred samples could be analyzed during an 8-h period; but the cost was moderate to high, depending upon assay or sample volume. Judicious use of immunochemistry, spectrofluorimetry, and thin-layer chromatography to the detection of psychoactive drugs in urine permits rapid, reliable, and effective surveillance of drug use or abuse.