Transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) by blood transfusions screened as negative for HIV antibody.
Transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) by blood transfusions screened as negative for HIV antibody.
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通过输血传播人类免疫缺陷病毒 (HIV)，筛查结果为 HIV 抗体阴性。
DOI：
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发表时间：
1988
影响因子：
158.5
通讯作者：
H. Jaffe
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. W. Ward;S. Holmberg;J. R. Allen;D. Cohn;S. Critchley;S. Kleinman;B. Lenes;O. Ravenholt;Jacqualyn R. Davis;M. Quinn;H. Jaffe
自 1985 年初以来，美国对献血者进行了人类免疫缺陷病毒 (HIV) 抗体筛查。为了确定通过抗体阴性献血传播艾滋病毒的情况，我们调查了 13 名艾滋病毒血清反应呈阳性的人，他们接受了 7 名献血者的血液，这些献血者在献血时被筛查为艾滋病毒抗体阴性。 13 名接受者中，有 12 名除了接受的输血外，没有可识别的 HIV 感染危险因素。输血后 8 至 20 个月进行评估，三名接受者出现了艾滋病毒相关疾病，一名接受者出现了获得性免疫缺陷综合症。所有七名捐赠者均被发现感染了艾滋病毒。在采访中，六人报告了艾滋病毒感染的危险因素，五人曾从事高风险活动或在艾滋病毒血清阴性捐赠前四个月内患有提示急性逆转录病毒综合症的疾病。因此，这些献血者显然是最近才被感染的，因此根据现有的抗体测试，献血时呈阴性。我们的结论是，经过筛查的血液接受者感染艾滋病毒的风险虽小但可识别。为了最大限度地降低这种风险，需要更有效地向艾滋病毒感染高风险的献血者传达推迟献血的原因，并且应该评估早期检测艾滋病毒感染的新检测方法在筛查献血方面的有效性。
Since early 1985, blood donations in the United States have been screened for antibody to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). To identify instances of HIV transmission by antibody-negative donations, we investigated 13 persons seropositive for HIV who had received blood from 7 donors who were screened as negative for HIV antibody at the time of donation. Twelve of the 13 recipients had no identifiable risk factors for HIV infection other than the transfusions they had received. On evaluation 8 to 20 months after transfusion, HIV-related illnesses had developed in three recipients, and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome had developed in one. All seven donors were found to be infected with HIV. On interview, six reported a risk factor for HIV infection, and five had engaged in high-risk activities or had had an illness suggestive of acute retroviral syndrome within the four months preceding their HIV-seronegative donation. Thus, these donors had apparently been infected only recently, and so were negative at the time of blood donation according to available antibody tests. We conclude that there is a small but identifiable risk of HIV infection for recipients of screened blood. To minimize this risk, the reasons for deferral of donation need to be communicated more effectively to blood donors who are at high risk of HIV infection, and new assays that detect HIV infection earlier should be evaluated for their effectiveness in screening donated blood.