Neurotoxicology of Synthetic Cathinone Analogs.
Neurotoxicology of Synthetic Cathinone Analogs.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1007/7854_2016_21
复制
发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Kuhn DM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Angoa-Pérez M;Anneken JH;Kuhn DM
本综述简要探讨了methcathinone，甲氧麻黄酮，甲酮，亚甲二氧基吡咯戊酮（MDPV），四个合成卡西酮最常见的“浴盐”的神经毒性特性。卡西酮是通常滥用的安非他明的β-酮类似物，并显示类似于可卡因和安非他明的药理作用，但尽管它们在化学结构上具有共性，合成卡西酮具有不同的神经药理学特征并产生独特的作用。合成卡西酮与它们的非酮类似物的相似之处在于它们靶向单胺系统、释放神经递质和它们的刺激性质。大多数关于合成卡西酮的文献都集中在描述它们作为精神兴奋剂的特性，它们对运动、记忆和滥用潜力的行为影响，而对它们的神经毒性特性的描述并不丰富。在人类和实验动物中充分研究了非酮类似物诱导的神经毒性的生物化学指标，包括其诱导神经炎症、氧化应激、兴奋性毒性、温度改变以及神经递质系统失调和诱导单胺转运蛋白和受体变化的能力。这些神经毒性指标将作为参数，以讨论上述四种合成卡西酮单独或与另一种卡西酮或其一些非酮类似物组合的作用。浴盐不是一种确定的药物组合，可能由一种合成卡西酮化合物或多种卡西酮化合物组成。此外，这篇综述还介绍了一些被认为是这种毒性的机制。更好地了解参与合成卡西酮诱导的神经毒性的细胞和分子机制，应有助于产生现代治疗方法，以预防或减轻这些药物在人类中使用的不良后果。
The present review briefly explores the neurotoxic properties of methcathinone, mephedrone, methylone, and methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV), four synthetic cathinones most commonly found in “bath salts.” Cathinones are β-keto analogs of the commonly abused amphetamines and display pharmacological effects resembling cocaine and amphetamines, but despite their commonalities in chemical structures, synthetic cathinones possess distinct neuropharmacological profiles and produce unique effects. Among the similarities of synthetic cathinones with their non-keto analogs are their targeting of monoamine systems, the release of neurotransmitters, and their stimulant properties. Most of the literature on synthetic cathinones has focused on describing their properties as psychostimulants, their behavioral effects on locomotion, memory, and potential for abuse, whereas descriptions of their neurotoxic properties are not abundant. The biochemical gauges of neurotoxicity induced by non-keto analogs are well studied in humans and experimental animals and include their ability to induce neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, excitotoxicity, temperature alterations as well as dysregulation of neurotransmitter systems and induce changes in monoamine transporters and receptors. These neurotoxicity gauges will serve as parameters to discuss the effects of the four previously mentioned synthetic cathinones alone or in combination with either another cathinone or with some of their non-keto analogs. Bath salts are not a defined combination of drugs and may consist of one synthetic cathinone compound or combinations of more cathinones. Furthermore, this review also presents some of the mechanisms that are thought to underlie this toxicity. A better understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the synthetic cathinones-induced neurotoxicity should contribute to generate modern therapeutic approaches to prevent or attenuate the adverse consequences of use of these drugs in humans.