Motor planning and control in autism. A kinematic analysis of preschool children
Motor planning and control in autism. A kinematic analysis of preschool children
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DOI：
10.1016/j.rasd.2010.09.013
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发表时间：
2011-04-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Molteni, Massimo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Forti, Sara;Valli, Angela;Molteni, Massimo
在一个达到和下降任务的运动记录进行了比较，12名学龄前自闭症儿童没有精神发育迟滞和12名性别和年龄匹配的正常发展的儿童。我们的目标是调查自闭症的运动异常是否更多地取决于计划能力障碍或运动控制缺陷。计划和控制过程分别进行了调查，通过检查运动记录分为主要运动-（计划为基础）和纠正submovement-（控制为基础）phase.Despite较长的运动持续时间，自闭症患者的参与者在他们的动作准确的正常发育的儿童，并显示出一个保存的运动结构。手的速度，准确性和试验间的变异性的初始运动阶段没有观察到差异。我们的主要发现是，在从基于计划的过渡到基于控制的运动指导的目标的接近度的组差异。在初级运动结束时，正常发育的儿童已经降低了速度，并开始定向他们的手球下降。此外，他们倾向于终止运动在同一运动单位已运输到目标框的手。与这一组相比，自闭症参与者达到这个阶段的准备较少：他们的速度明显更高，手腕倾斜度降低，并且在绝大多数试验中，他们在进入盒子后表现出更多的运动单位。这些额外的运动单位被认为是后期基于控制的空间调整。因此，我们的数据支持这一假设，即自闭症儿童有更大的需要纠正submovements。我们提供的证据表明，自闭症的运动异常可能是由计划-控制整合的中断，或由有限的计划过程能力，因为自闭症参与者可能只能计划运动的开始，离开其最后阶段，以进一步规划飞行，对运动时间优化具有重要影响。(C)2010爱思唯尔有限公司版权所有。
Kinematic recordings in a reach and drop task were compared between 12 preschool children with autism without mental retardation and 12 gender and age-matched normally developing children. Our aim was to investigate whether motor anomalies in autism may depend more on a planning ability dysfunction or on a motor control deficit. Planning and control processes were separately investigated by examining kinematic recordings divided into primary movement- (planning-based) and corrective submovement- (control-based) phases.Despite longer movement durations, participants with autism were as accurate in their movements as normally developing children were and showed a preserved movement structure. No differences were observed for the initial movement phases for hand velocity, accuracy and inter-trial variability.Our main finding was that of a group difference in proximity of the target, at transition from planning-based to control-based movement guidance. At primary movement conclusion, the normally developing children had already reduced velocity and begun orienting their hands for ball drop. Also, they tended to terminate movements within the same movement unit that had transported the hand into the target box. Compared to this group, participants with autism reached this stage with less preparation: their speed was significantly higher, wrist inclination reduced and they showed further movement units after entering the box over the vast majority of trials. These additional movement units were presumed to represent late control-based spatial adjustments. Hence, our data support the hypothesis that children with autism have a greater need for corrective submovements.We provide evidence that motor anomalies in autism might be determined either by a disruption in planning-control integration, or by a limited planning process capacity, as participants with autism might have been able to plan only the very beginning of the movement, leaving its final phases to further planning on the fly, with important consequences on movement time optimization. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.