A guide to standardise artificial contamination procedures with protozoan parasite oocysts or cysts during method evaluation, using Cryptosporidium and leafy greens as models
A guide to standardise artificial contamination procedures with protozoan parasite oocysts or cysts during method evaluation, using Cryptosporidium and leafy greens as models
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DOI：
10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108678
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发表时间：
2021-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
6
通讯作者：
Mayer-Scholl, Anne
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chalmers, Rachel M.;Katzer, Frank;Mayer-Scholl, Anne
原生动物寄生虫已经成为与新鲜农产品和浆果相关的疾病的原因，并且对公共卫生和食品工业都特别关注。例如，隐孢子虫卵囊的污染，无论是直接来自粪便还是通过食品生产和加工中使用的水，都导致了广泛的食源性隐孢子虫病爆发。到目前为止，涉及的主要食品是新鲜农产品（特别是绿叶蔬菜）、果汁、牛奶和乳制品。有一个基于显微镜的国际标准ISO 18744：2016，用于检测叶绿色蔬菜和浆果中的卵囊，但由于人工污染方案的差异，很难比较已公布的该方法和替代方法的验证和确认数据。没有报告抽样调查所用方法的效率和性能，妨碍了对寄生虫发生情况的了解。为了提高报告此类人工污染实验结果的检测和调查的一致性和可比性，我们制定了适用于新鲜农产品和水果类别食品的人工污染程序和分析指南，特别关注绿叶蔬菜。通过民意调查收集的信息显示，分子检测将是一个有价值的发展，但需要标准化的方法和改进的验证数据。一项市场调查显示，为人工污染研究提供卵囊的重点是满足显微镜检测的要求。一个深入研究讲习班提供了背景知识，这些知识被综合成使用显微镜或分子检测进行人工污染研究的最佳做法指南。这将有助于更好地开发和报告方法，并改善食品安全。
Protozoan parasites have emerged as a cause of disease associated with fresh produce and berry fruits, and are of particular concern for both public health and the food industry. For example, contamination with Cryptosporidium oocysts, whether directly from faeces or through water used in food production and processing, has led to widespread foodborne outbreaks of cryptosporidiosis. The main foodstuffs implicated so far have been fresh produce (especially leafy greens), fruit juice, milk and dairy products. There is an international standard, ISO 18744:2016, based on microscopy, for the detection of oocysts from leafy green vegetables and berry fruits, but verification and validation data that have been published for this and alternative methods can be difficult to compare due to differences in artificial contamination protocols. There is a lack of reporting of the efficiency and performance of methods used in sample surveys, hampering understanding of parasite occurrence. To improve the consistency and comparability of assays and surveys reporting the results of such artificial contamination experiments, we have developed guidance for artificial contamination procedures and analysis that can be applied to food within the category fresh produce and fruits, with particular attention to leafy greens. Information gathered through an opinion survey revealed that molecular detection would be a valuable development, but that standardised methods and improved validation data were required. A market survey revealed that the provision of oocysts for artificial contamination studies has focused on meeting requirements for microscopy detection. An insight-generation workshop provided the background knowledge synthesised into best practice guidance for artificial contamination studies using either microscopical or molecular detection. This should contribute to better method development and reporting, and improved food safety.