Vaginal bacterial flora and cytology in proestrous bitches: Role on fertility
Vaginal bacterial flora and cytology in proestrous bitches: Role on fertility
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DOI：
10.1016/j.theriogenology.2011.11.022
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发表时间：
2012-05-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Martino, P. A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Groppetti, D.;Pecile, A.;Martino, P. A.
近年来，犬阴道细胞学的研究进展有限。阴道涂片中炎症细胞的存在和意义在母狗中很少被考虑。此外，在生殖周期的卵泡期，在没有临床感染迹象的情况下，繁殖母狗阴道细菌的发生涉及抗生素施用的难题。本研究的目的是将阴道细胞学（中性粒细胞、淋巴细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞、红细胞和细菌的存在）和发情前的微生物环境与生育结果（妊娠发展、子宫感染、再吸收、流产和新生儿形态）联系起来。还评估了细菌对小动物常用抗生素的敏感性。从阴道中分离到的细菌按频率顺序依次为粪肠球菌、乙型溶血链球菌、多杀性巴氏杆菌、大肠杆菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、奇异变形杆菌、溶血大肠杆菌、化脓性隐杆菌、链球菌、葡萄球菌和不动杆菌，未见支原体。目前的研究表明，发情细胞学方面不影响生育。嗜酸性粒细胞未检出，而红细胞常检出。妊娠母狗在妊娠期出现子宫疾病临床症状（n = 3）均检出大肠杆菌，导致子宫感染、吸收或流产，但无统计学意义。在发情期阴道中存在链球菌与子宫感染的发展呈负相关（P = 0.005）。因此，链球菌可能对影响母狗生育能力的更危险的病原体具有保护性竞争作用。在12种抗生素中，革兰氏阴性菌对阿莫西林和克拉维酸联合物的敏感性显著（P = 0.038）。然而，在培养阳性的基础上，在没有临床症状的情况下，交配前抗生素治疗似乎是不必要的，而且会导致阴道共生菌群失衡，对生育产生不利影响。综上所述，阴道细菌、中性粒细胞、淋巴细胞和红细胞应被视为母狗发情前期的生理方面，无症状时不需要抗生素治疗。(c) 2012 Elsevier Inc.版权所有。
The study of canine vaginal cytology underwent limited evolution over the years. Presence and significance of inflammatory cells in vaginal smears are little considered aspects in the bitch. Moreover, occurrence of vaginal bacteria in breeding bitches during follicular phase of the reproductive cycle, in absence of clinical signs of infection, involves the difficult question of antibiotics administration. The aim of this study was to relate findings in vaginal cytology (presence of neutrophils, lymphocytes, eosinophils, erytrocytes and bacteria) and microbial environment during proestrus with fertility outcomes (development of pregnancy, uterine infection, resorption, abortion and neonatal modality). Bacteria sensitivity to antibiotics normally used in small animal practice was also evaluated. Bacteria isolated from vagina, in order of frequency, were Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus beta-haemolyticus, Pasteurella multocida, E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, E. coli haemolyticus, Arcanobacterium pyogenes, Streptococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp. and Acinetobacter spp. No mycoplasmas were observed. The present study showed that proestrous cytological aspects do not affect fertility. Eosinophils were never detected, while erythrocytes were always detected. During diestrus, E. coli was found in all pregnant bitches that developed clinical symptoms of uterine disorders (n = 3), resulting in uterine infection, resorption or abortion, but without statistical significance. Vaginal presence of Streptococcus spp. in proestrus was instead negatively associated with development of uterine infections (P = 0.005). Therefore, Streptococcus spp. could have a protective competitive role against more dangerous pathogens affecting fertility of the bitch. Among the 12 antibiotics tested, Gram-negative bacteria showed a significant sensitivity towards the amoxicillin and clavulanic acid association (P = 0.038). However, antibiotic treatment before mating, on the basis of positive culture, yet in the absence of clinical signs, seems to be unnecessary besides harmful leading to imbalance in vaginal commensal flora with adverse effects on fertility. In conclusion, vaginal bacteria, neutrophils, lymphocytes and erytrocytes should be considered as physiological aspect in the bitch during proestrus that does not require antibiotic therapy when asymptomatic. (c) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.