Injection Drug Users Trained by Overdose Prevention Programs: Responses to Witnessed Overdoses
Injection Drug Users Trained by Overdose Prevention Programs: Responses to Witnessed Overdoses
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DOI：
10.1007/s10900-012-9591-7
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发表时间：
2013-02-01
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Kral, Alex H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lankenau, Stephen E.;Wagner, Karla D.;Kral, Alex H.
为了应对日益严重的药物过量公共卫生问题，社区组织启动了药物过量预防计划 (OPP)，分发纳洛酮（一种阿片类药物拮抗剂）并教授药物过量应对技术。由于注射吸毒者 (IDU) 吸毒过量的风险很高，因此他们成为了这项干预措施的目标。有限的研究注意力集中在可能抑制或预防注射吸毒者的因素上，注射吸毒者已接受 OPP 培训，在应对药物过量时采取推荐的应对技术。 2010 年至 2011 年，使用包含开放式和封闭式问题的工具对洛杉矶两名 OPP 培训的注射吸毒者 (n = 30) 进行访谈，了解他们对最近目睹的药物过量的反应。在30起目睹的吸毒过量事件中，29起受害人康复，1起结果不明。参与者使用 OPP 教授的各种技术来应对服药过量。最常建议的应对措施是给受害者注射纳洛酮，而其他建议的应对措施包括用指关节刺激受害者、拨打 911 和进行人工呼吸。在某些情况下，阻碍参与者采用推荐的应对技术的障碍包括之前使用民间疗法成功救活受害者、担心吸引警察到现场，以及有关获取或使用纳洛酮的问题。鼓励采取实用的解决方案，例如开发加强课程来增强 OPP，以增加受过培训的参与者使用全套推荐技术应对药物过量的可能性。
In response to the growing public health problem of drug overdose, community-based organizations have initiated overdose prevention programs (OPPs), which distribute naloxone, an opioid antagonist, and teach overdose response techniques. Injection drug users (IDUs) have been targeted for this intervention due to their high risk for drug overdose. Limited research attention has focused on factors that may inhibit or prevent IDUs who have been trained by OPPs to undertake recommended response techniques when responding to a drug overdose. IDUs (n = 30) trained by two OPPs in Los Angeles were interviewed in 2010-2011 about responses to their most recently witnessed drug overdose using an instrument containing both open and closed-ended questions. Among the 30 witnessed overdose events, the victim recovered in 29 cases while the outcome was unknown in one case. Participants responded to overdoses using a variety of techniques taught by OPPs. Injecting the victim with naloxone was the most commonly recommended response while other recommended responses included stimulating the victim with knuckles, calling 911, and giving rescue breathing. Barriers preventing participants from employing recommended response techniques in certain circumstances included prior successes using folk remedies to revive a victim, concerns over attracting police to the scene, and issues surrounding access to or use of naloxone. Practical solutions, such as developing booster sessions to augment OPPs, are encouraged to increase the likelihood that trained participants respond to a drug overdose with the full range of recommended techniques.