ANIMAL LEARNING - VISCERAL AND AUTONOMIC CONDITIONING
ANIMAL LEARNING - VISCERAL AND AUTONOMIC CONDITIONING
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DOI：
10.1146/annurev.ps.25.020174.000543
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发表时间：
1974-01-01
影响因子：
24.8
通讯作者：
BRADY, JV
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
HARRIS, AH;BRADY, JV
本章将关注行为条件反射程序的影响，包括经典的和工具的，对生理反应的措施，通常被称为“内脏”和自主（如心率，血压，胃动力）。在这个总的框架内，根据生理测量和调节程序之间的关系，待审查的实验室动物研究可以分为三大调查类别。在第一个经典自主条件反射类别中，条件反射的生理事件最初表现为对无条件刺激（例如食物）的无条件反应（例如流涎），随后观察到在与无条件刺激重复配对的条件刺激（例如铃声）呈现期间发生（尽管不一定以相同的形式）。第二个并发自主条件反射类别是由实验方法定义的，这些方法主要依赖于操作性条件反射程序来建立和维持持续的性能（例如杠杆按压），同时测量生理变化（例如激素升高），这些变化显示出与条件工具行为的系统关系。在第三类工具性自主条件反射中，该过程的一个基本特征是强调先前的生理变化之间的偶然关系（如心率增加）和实验编程的环境后果（例如食物递送和/或休克避免）。在过去的十年中，在这三种自主调节范式的框架内，动物学习研究显然更多地集中在某些生理反应上系统（如心血管）比其他系统（如胃肠道），这种差异的重点将有必要反映在随后的分类审查。在相当大的程度上，这种不均匀分布的生理措施，
This chapter will be concerned with the effects of behavioral conditioning procedures, both classical and instrumental, upon physiological response measures commonly referred to as" visceral" and autonomic (eg heart rate, blood pressure, gastric motility). Within this general framework, the laboratory animal research to be reviewed can be divided into three broad investigative categories based upon the relationship between the physiological measures and the conditioning procedures. In the first Classical Autonomic Conditioning category, the physiological event that is conditioned appears initially as an unconditioned response (eg salivation) to an unconditioned stimulus (eg food) and is subsequently observed to occur (though not necessarily in identical form) during presentation of a conditioned stimulus (eg bell) which has been paired repeatedly with the unconditioned stimulus. The second Concurrent Autonomic Conditioning category is defined by experimental ap-proaches that depend primarily upon operant conditioning procedures to establish and maintain ongoing performances (eg lever pressing) while concurrently measuring physiological changes (eg hormone elevations) which show systematic relation-ships to the conditioned instrumental behavior. And in the third Instrumental Autonomic Conditioning category, an essential feature of the procedure emphasizes a contingency relationship between antecedent physiological changes (eg heart rate increase) and experimentally programmed environmental consequences (eg food delivery and/or shock avoidance).Over the past decade, animal learning studies within the framework of these three autonomic conditioning paradigms clearly have focused more upon some physiological response systems (eg cardiovascular) than others (eg gastrointestinal), and this differential emphasis will of necessity be reflected in the ensuing categorical review. To a considerable extent, this uneven distribution of physiological measures