Experimental study on car collisions with bicycles equipped with child seats
Experimental study on car collisions with bicycles equipped with child seats
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DOI：
10.1016/j.aap.2021.106535
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发表时间：
2022-03-01
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Mizuno, Koji
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Terashima, Takaaki;Kato, Kenshiro;Mizuno, Koji
在日本，由于对环境和健康问题的日益关注，自行车的使用增加，涉及自行车的交通事故已成为一个严重的问题。近年来，配备儿童座椅的自行车已成为日本城市地区学龄前儿童的热门交通工具。在这种不利的情况下，有必要进行更多的研究和评估，以防止涉及儿童自行车的交通事故和由此造成的伤害。为了预防事故发生和减轻损害，本研究主要通过实验来了解儿童在装有儿童座椅的自行车碰撞中的运动学行为和伤害风险。首先，进行了跌落测试，以评估儿童座椅的集成头枕（通常也称为头枕）的效果。经证实，头枕可以减少头部与路面碰撞的影响。第二，在配备儿童座椅的汽车和自行车之间进行侧面碰撞试验，并调查儿童座椅的安全带和头枕的效果。结果表明，儿童假人的运动学行为显着改变取决于佩戴安全带。在未系好安全带的情况下，儿童假人在与汽车前部碰撞后向引擎盖旋转的同时被弹出儿童座椅。相反，当系紧安全带时，儿童假人被约束在儿童座椅中，并且从碰撞开始直到完全停止与自行车一起移动。因此，发现使用带有头枕的儿童座椅和使用安全带可以降低儿童在与路面碰撞期间受伤的风险，因为测试中的儿童假人仅在自行车已经与路面接触之后才碰撞路面。
In Japan, traffic accidents involving bicycles have become a serious problem as a result of the increase in the use of bicycles due to the rising concerns of environmental and health problems. In recent years, bicycles equipped with child seats have become a popular means of transportation for preschool children in urban areas in Japan. Under such adverse circumstances, it is necessary to conduct more studies and evaluations to prevent traffic accidents and the resulting injuries involving bicycles with children. For accident prevention and damage mitigation, this study mainly aims to understand the kinematic behavior and injury risk of children in collisions involving bicycles equipped with child seats through experiments. First, fall tests were conducted to evaluate the effect of the integrated head restraints (also commonly known as headrests) of child seats. It was confirmed that head restraints can reduce the impact of head collisions with the road surface. Second, side collision tests were conducted between a car and a bicycle equipped with a child seat, and the effects of the seat belt and head restraint of the child seat were investigated. It was shown that the kinematic behavior of the child dummy significantly was changed depending on wearing the seat belt. In the condition that the seat belt was not fastened, the child dummy was ejected out of the child seat while rotating toward the hood after the impact with the front of the car. In contrast, when the seat belt was fastened, the child dummy was restrained in the child seat and moved together with the bicycle from the start of the collision until the complete stop. Thus, it was found that using child seats with head restraints and using seat belts can reduce the risk of injury to children during an impact with the road surface, because the child dummy in the tests impacted the road surface only after the bicycle already had contact with the road surface.