Allomaternal care and recognition between mothers and young in pipistrelle bats (Pipistrellus pipistrellus)
Allomaternal care and recognition between mothers and young in pipistrelle bats (Pipistrellus pipistrellus)
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1469-7998.1996.tb05324.x
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发表时间：
1996-12-01
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Jones, G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
deFanis, E;Jones, G
对1994年6月7日在英国布里斯托尔附近栖息地采集的30只怀孕雌性尖嘴蝙蝠进行了圈养研究。1994年6月11日至19日，21只幼崽出生(雄性15只，雌性6只)。每天观察每对母崽的行为，持续24天。研究人员考察了母亲对自己气味的反应，以及对外星人幼崽的反应。研究人员检查了幼崽对自己气味的反应，并与外星人母亲的反应进行了比较。在幼崽和母亲身上也进行了声学选择测试。当幼崽出生0-7日龄时，所有的妈妈都能辨认出它们的叫声。然而，这种能力随着幼崽的发育而下降，15天大的时候，没有一个母亲能识别出自己幼崽发出的叫声。只有在幼崽7天大的时候，妈妈才会对幼崽的气味做出反应。然而，只有少数几个母亲在8-24天大的时候能辨认出自己幼崽的气味。幼崽对母亲气味的认知度随着出生后年龄的增加而增加。这些幼崽没有表现出对它们母亲的回声定位呼叫的偏好。在出生后的第一周，21只幼崽中的20只总是附着在自己母亲的乳头上。然而，21个母亲中有6个在自己的幼崽还活着的时候哺育了外星人幼崽(异体哺乳)。同种哺乳通常发生在幼仔15天大的时候。所有参与同种异体哺乳的幼崽都是雄性。虽然其中一只妈妈连续8天哺乳同一只外星人幼崽，但其他妈妈只哺乳了1到2天。被允许哺乳的幼崽与哺乳的母亲自己的幼崽年龄相似。当母亲哺乳时，真正的后代不会减轻体重。早上总是可以观察到同种异体哺乳。与没有哺乳的母亲相比，接受同种哺乳的母亲的平均体重没有差异。
30 pregnant female pipistrelle bats (P. pipistrellus) taken from a roost near Bristol, UK on 7 June 1994 were studied in captivity. Between 11 and 19 June 1994, 21 pups were born (15 males and 6 females). The behaviour of each mother-pup pair was observed daily for 24 days. The response of mothers to the odour of their own versus an alien pup was examined. The response of pups to the odour of their own versus an alien mother was examined. Acoustic choice tests were also carried out in pups and mothers. All the mothers recognized their own pups' calls when the pups were 0-7 days old. However, this ability decreased with development of the pups and none of the mothers recognized the calls emitted by their own pups at >15 days old. Mothers responded to the odour of their pups only when pups were >7 days old. However, only a few mothers recognized the odour of their own pup at 8-24 days old. The pups recognition of their mothers' odour increased with increasing postnatal age. The pups showed no preference for their mothers' echo-location calls. During the 1st postnatal week, 20 of 21 pups were always found attached to their own mother's nipple. However, 6 of 21 mothers suckled alien pups (allosuckling) while their own pups were still alive. Allosuckling usually occurred when the pups were >15 days old. All pups involved in allosuckling were male. Although one mother suckled the same alien pup for 8 consecutive days, the other mothers suckled alien pups for only 1 or 2 days. Pups that allosuckled were of a similar age to the suckling mother's own pup. True offspring did not loose weight when their mothers were allosuckling. Allosuckling was always observed in the morning. There was no difference in the mean body weight of mothers that allosuckled compared with those that did not.