Plant defenses interact with insect enteric bacteria by initiating a leaky gut syndrome
Plant defenses interact with insect enteric bacteria by initiating a leaky gut syndrome
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1908748116
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发表时间：
2019-08-06
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Felton, Gary W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Mason, Charles J.;Ray, Swayamjit;Felton, Gary W.
植物产生一整套防御系统，可以集体阻止和减少食草性。许多防御措施针对昆虫的消化系统，一些防御措施改变了保护围食基质(PM)并导致通透性增加。PM负责多种消化功能，包括减少潜在致病微生物的感染。在我们的研究中，我们开发了针对秋季粘虫的无菌和诺生菌方法，并测试了肠道群落中的特定成员如何影响与植物防御系统的相互作用，从而改变PM的渗透性。我们观察到肠道细菌与植物抗性之间的相互作用。与那些从现场采集的幼虫中分离出肠球菌、克雷伯氏菌和肠杆菌的昆虫相比，无菌昆虫生长得更多，但基于免疫的反应较低。虽然肠道细菌会降低以植物为食的幼虫的性能，但当直接注射到血腔中时，这些分离株都不会产生死亡。我们的结果有力地表明，植物的物理和化学防御不仅直接作用于昆虫，而且还与食草动物的微生物群有一些相互作用。玉米防御系统对秋季粘虫的直接和间接、微生物介导的攻击对昆虫的消化系统和免疫系统的攻击相结合，减少了这些昆虫的生长并提高了死亡率。这些结果表明，植物-昆虫的相互作用应该在昆虫肠道微生物群潜在调节的背景下被考虑。
Plants produce suites of defenses that can collectively deter and reduce herbivory. Many defenses target the insect digestive system, with some altering the protective peritrophic matrix (PM) and causing increased permeability. The PM is responsible for multiple digestive functions, including reducing infections from potential pathogenic microbes. In our study, we developed axenic and gnotobiotic methods for fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) and tested how particular members present in the gut community influence interactions with plant defenses that can alter PM permeability. We observed interactions between gut bacteria with plant resistance. Axenic insects grew more but displayed lower immune-based responses compared with those possessing Enterococcus, Klebsiella, and Enterobacter isolates from field-collected larvae. While gut bacteria reduced performance of larvae fed on plants, none of the isolates produced mortality when injected directly into the hemocoel. Our results strongly suggest that plant physical and chemical defenses not only act directly upon the insect, but also have some interplay with the herbivore's microbiome. Combined direct and indirect, microbe-mediated assaults by maize defenses on the fall armyworm on the insect digestive and immune system reduced growth and elevated mortality in these insects. These results imply that plant-insect interactions should be considered in the context of potential mediation by the insect gut microbiome.