Social Loneliness after Divorce: Time-Dependent Differential Benefits of Personality, Multiple Important Group Memberships, and Self-Continuity
Social Loneliness after Divorce: Time-Dependent Differential Benefits of Personality, Multiple Important Group Memberships, and Self-Continuity
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DOI：
10.1159/000494112
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发表时间：
2019-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Morselli, Davide
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lampraki, Charikleia;Jopp, Daniela S.;Morselli, Davide
背景：生命后半期的重大事件，如离婚，对幸福构成重大威胁。经历离婚的人往往会感到社会孤独，并可能从可用资源中受益不同，这取决于事件发生后的时间。人们发现人格特质与适应有关，在关键事件发生后立即产生特别强烈的影响。其他资源，如身份稳定机制（即，价值的社会群体和自我连续性），可能只在适应的后期发挥作用。然而，很少有人知道这些资源的好处，以及当一个人克服晚年离婚时，它们对社会孤独感的潜在时间依赖性影响。目的：本研究探讨了心理（例如，个性，自我连续性，多个重要的群体成员资格）和社会资源（例如，新伴侣，有人帮助处理离婚）的社会孤独在两个离婚后阶段，使用已婚群体作为参考，控制社会人口学方面和健康。研究方法：一个代表性的样本850离婚（40-79岁）和869已婚人士（40-78岁）生活在瑞士进行了比较，使用多元回归分析。结果：观察到两个离婚组和已婚组之间的社交孤独的差异预测模式。对于短期离婚（离婚后2年），较高的外向性和宜人性和较低的神经质与较低的孤独感有关。对于长期离婚的人（离婚后2-5年）和那些保持婚姻的人来说，外向性对孤独感同样重要。此外，较高水平的自我连续性和多组成员预测较低的孤独感，但短期离婚并没有从中受益。有人来帮助克服离婚使两个离婚群体的成员受益。一个新的伴侣与更少的孤独感有关，但仅限于长期离婚的那一组。结论：我们的研究结果表明，心理和社会资源对社会孤独的影响因适应阶段而异。虽然外向对所有离婚和已婚的人都有好处，但其他性格特征在最初的适应阶段起着更决定性的作用。促进认同的资源（即，多个群体成员身份、自我连续性）只有在适应过程的后期才是有益的。为了取得成功，专业干预措施必须根据需要量身定制。(c)2019 S. Karger AG，巴塞尔
Background: Critical events in the second half of life, such as divorce, pose a significant threat to well-being. Individuals undergoing divorce often experience feelings of social loneliness and may benefit differently from available resources depending on how much time has passed since the event. Personality traits have been found to be related to adaptation, with particularly strong effects immediately after the critical event. Other resources, such as identity-stabilizing mechanisms (i.e., valued social groups and self-continuity), may play a role only later in adaptation. However, little is known about the benefits of these resources and their potentially time-dependent effects on social loneliness when one is overcoming later-life divorce. Objectives: This study investigates the role of psychological (e.g., personality, self-continuity, multiple important group memberships) and social resources (e.g., new partner, having someone to help deal with divorce) for social loneliness in two post-divorce phases, using a married group as the reference, controlling for sociodemographic aspects and health. Methods: A representative sample of 850 divorced (aged 40-79 years) and 869 married individuals (aged 40-78 years) living in Switzerland were compared, using multiple regression analyses. Results: Differential predictive patterns for social loneliness between the two divorced groups and the married group were observed. For the short-term divorced (up to 2 years after divorce), higher extroversion and agreeableness and lower neuroticism were associated with lower levels of loneliness. For the long-term divorced (2-5 years after divorce) and for those who remained married, extroversion was similarly important for loneliness. Additionally, higher levels of self-continuity and multiple group memberships predicted lower loneliness, but the short-term divorced did not benefit from them. Having someone to help overcome the divorce benefited members of both divorced groups. A new partner was related to less loneliness, but only in the long-term divorced group. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that the effects of psychological and social resources on social loneliness vary by adaptation phase. Although extroversion is beneficial for all divorced and married individuals, other personality traits play a more decisive role in the initial adaptation phase. Identity-promoting resources (i.e., multiple group memberships, perceived self-continuity) are beneficial only later in the adaptation process. To be successful, professional interventions must be tailored as needed. (c) 2019 S. Karger AG, Basel