Water Vapour Uptake from the Atmosphere by some Tillandsia Species
Water Vapour Uptake from the Atmosphere by some Tillandsia Species
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一些铁兰品种从大气中吸收水蒸气
DOI：
10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a085144
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发表时间：
1976
期刊：
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
P. Luca
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. V. Santo;A. Alfani;P. Luca
附生环境的主要特点是水分和营养不足。只有少数维管植物能适应这样的环境，其中有许多铁兰属植物。一些附生铁兰属植物是具有水分和营养储备的中槽种。另一些是，相反，坦克少的物种与更多的旱生性质。由于它们直接依赖于大气中的水分和养分吸收，后者被称为“大气”（Mez，1904年; Benzing和Burt，1970年）。大气物种吸收水分的可能来源是雨、露和雾，但从潮湿大气中吸收水蒸气的可能性被否定了（Biebl，1964年; Alvim和Uzeda，Walter，1964年; Benzing和Dahle，1971年）。数据将表明，一些空气空气铁兰属植物具有不同程度的旱生植物有能力从大气中吸收水分。在室外条件下对10种铁兰属植物进行了调查。大部分物种是在美国的“学院”的植物考察期间（1969年和1971年夏天）收集的，由L。卡利法诺河Tomaselli和A.梅罗拉其余的植物是通过与国外植物园的交流获得的。在使用前，所有受试者在温暖的月份保持在户外，在冬季月份保持在植物园温室中。T. aeranthos（Loisel）LB Smith，T. ixioides Griseb、T. Spanedeana Steud和T. violacea Baker是非常干燥生境的附生植物，T. [医]白藓属和T. caput medusae Morren是中度干旱生境的附生植物，而T. brachicaulos Schlechtend和T.扇叶植物是潮湿森林中的附生植物。T. latifolia Meyen和T.虽然不是附生植物，但paleacea Presi被认为是大气物种，因为它们没有根，依赖大气吸收水和营养。T. latifolia和T.古生物生活在秘鲁海岸沙漠的沙地上，那里夜间的雾气是唯一的水源。测量从空气中吸收的水蒸气的方法很简单。植物，悬挂在那不勒斯植物研究所的阳台上，在现场称重，在9-24小时的时间间隔为1小时。重量增量与先前重量的比率被认为是吸水率。当时的空气温度和相对湿度记录由温湿度记录仪提供。通过Stocker（1929）的方法测定植物的水分饱和亏缺。
Epiphytic environments are mostly characterized by moisture and nutrient deficiencies. Only a small number of vascular plants accommodate themselves to such environments; among them many species oî Tillandsia. Some epiphytic Tillandsia are mesic tank species which possess water and nutrient reserves. Some others are, on the contrary, tank-less species with a more xerophytic nature. Because of their direct dependence on the atmos-phere for water and nutrient uptake, the latter are called'atmospheric'(Mez, 1904; Benzing and Burt, 1970). Possible sources for water absorption by atmospheric species are rain, dew and fog, but water vapour absorption from a humid atmosphere has been denied (Biebl, 1964; Alvim and Uzeda, in Walter, 1964; Benzing and Dahle, 1971). Data will be presented indicating that some atmospheric Tillandsia species with different degree of xerophytism have the ability to absorb water from the atmosphere. Ten species of Tillandsia were investigated under outdoor conditions. Most of the species were collected during the botanical expeditions of the'Accademia dei Lincei'in America (summer 1969 and 1971), directed by Professors L. Califano, R. Tomaselli and A. Merola. The remaining plants were obtained through exchanges with foreign botanical gardens. All subjects were maintained in the open air during the warmer months and in botanical garden greenhouses during the winter months, before use. T. aeranthos (Loisel) LB Smith, T. ixioides Griseb, T. schiedeana Steud and T. violacea Baker are epiphytes of very dry habitats, T. usneoides L. and T. caput medusae Morren are epiphytes of moderately dry habitats, while T. brachicaulos Schlechtend and T. flabellata Baker are epiphytes in humid forests. T. latifolia Meyen and T. paleacea Presi though not epiphytes are considered to be atmospheric species since they lack roots and depend on the atmosphere for water and nutrient uptake. T. latifolia and T. paleacea live on the sands of the Peruvian coast deserts, where nightly fogs are the only source of water. The method of measurement of water vapour uptake from the air was a simple one. Plants, suspended on a balcony of the Botanical Institute of Naples, were weighed on the spot at 1-h intervals over 9-24-h periods. Ratios of weight increments to the previous weight have been considered rates of water absorption. Contemporary records of air temperature and relative humidity were provided by hygrothermograph. Water saturation deficit of the plants was determined by the method of Stocker,(1929).