HIV-1 subtype B: Traces of a pandemic
HIV-1 subtype B: Traces of a pandemic
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DOI：
10.1016/j.virol.2016.05.003
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发表时间：
2016-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
de Matos Almeida, Sabrina Esteves
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Junqueira, Dennis Maletich;de Matos Almeida, Sabrina Esteves
人类移徙是影响艾滋病毒起源和传播的一个主要过程。在HIV-1中，亚型B（HIV-1 B）是传播最广泛的变异体，据推测它是全世界所有HIV病例中约11%的病原体。系统发育研究表明，HIV-1B出现在金沙萨（非洲），并在1966年或1966年左右通过人类移民经海地传入加勒比地区。在局部扩散后，该病毒于1969年左右通过同性恋/双性恋接触被带到美利坚合众国。在美国，HIV-1B感染的发病率呈指数级增长，并在人口中确立，不仅影响同性恋者，而且影响异性恋者和注射毒品者。不久之后，病毒传播并在其他地区建立，包括欧洲，亚洲，拉丁美洲和澳大利亚。最近的研究表明，除了这一大流行病Glade外，海地还出现了几个谱系，并通过短距离传播到达其他加勒比和拉丁美洲国家。在这些流行病中也检测到不同的B亚型遗传变异。迄今为止，已经描述了四种遗传变异体：B '亚型，主要在泰国和其他亚洲国家流行;一种主要在特立尼达和托巴哥发现的特定变异体; GPGS变异体，主要在韩国检测到;以及GWGR变异体，主要在巴西检测到。本文综述了HIV-1B的演变及其对人类的影响。(C)2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Human migration is a major process that shaped the origin and dissemination of HIV. Within HIV-1, subtype B (HIV-1B) is the most disseminated variant and it is assumed to be the causative agent in approximately 11% of all cases of HIV worldwide. Phylogenetic studies have revealed that HIV-1B emerged in Kinshasa (Africa) and was introduced into the Caribbean region via Haiti in or around 1966 by human migration. After localized dispersion, the virus was brought to the United States of America via homosexual/bisexual contact around 1969. Inside USA, the incidence of HIV-1B infection increased exponentially and it became established in the population, affecting not only homosexual individuals but also heterosexual individuals and injecting drug users. Soon after, the virus was disseminated and became established in other regions, including Europe, Asia, Latin America, and Australia. Recent studies suggest that, in addition to this pandemic Glade, several lineages have emerged from Haiti and reached other Caribbean and Latin American countries via short-distance dissemination. Different subtype B genetic variants have also been detected in these epidemics. Four genetic variants have been described to date: subtype B', which mainly circulates in Thailand and other Asian countries; a specific variant mainly found in Trinidad and Tobago; the GPGS variant, which is primarily detected in Korea; and the GWGR variant, which is mainly detected in Brazil. This paper reviews the evolution of HIV-1B and its impact on the human population. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.