Obesogens: an emerging threat to public health.
Obesogens: an emerging threat to public health.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ajog.2016.01.182
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发表时间：
2016-05
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Blumberg B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Janesick AS;Blumberg B
内分泌干扰物（EDCs）是指能干扰激素作用的外源性化学物质或化学物质的混合物。内分泌干扰的领域历史上植根于野生动物生物学和生殖内分泌学，其中内分泌干扰物被证明是不育，青春期过早，子宫内膜异位症和其他疾病的贡献者。最近，内分泌干扰物与代谢综合征和肥胖有关。脂肪组织是一个真正的内分泌器官，因此是一个非常容易受到内分泌干扰的器官。内分泌干扰物的一个子集，称为“肥胖原”，通过改变脂肪细胞发育的程序，增加脂肪组织中的能量储存，并干扰食欲和饱腹感的神经内分泌控制来促进肥胖。肥胖给美国的医疗保健成本增加了2000多亿美元，肥胖者的数量还在继续增加。因此，有一个迫切的，未满足的需要，以了解潜在的机制如何暴露于某些内分泌干扰物可能使我们的人口肥胖。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了肥胖原的发现历史，从它的起源在生殖生物学中的最新作用，在小鼠肥胖的跨代遗传。我们讨论了胚胎中脂肪组织的发育，成年人脂肪细胞数量的维持，EDC破坏如何使干细胞优先产生更多的脂肪细胞，化学物质永久改变生殖系表观基因组的机制，以及配子中是否存在对EDC的障碍。
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are defined as exogenous chemicals, or mixture of chemicals, that can interfere with any aspect of hormone action. The field of endocrine disruption is historically rooted in wildlife biology and reproductive endocrinology where EDCs are demonstrated contributors to infertility, premature puberty, endometriosis, and other disorders. Recently, EDCs have been implicated in metabolic syndrome and obesity. Adipose tissue is a true endocrine organ and, therefore, an organ which is highly susceptible to disturbance by EDCs. A subset of EDCs, called “obesogens” promote adiposity by altering programming of fat cell development, increasing energy storage in fat tissue, and interfering with neuroendocrine control of appetite and satiety. Obesity adds more than $200 billion to U.S. healthcare costs and the number of obese individuals continues to increase. Hence, there is an urgent, unmet need to understand the mechanisms underlying how exposures to certain EDCs may predispose our population to be obese. In this review, we discuss the history of obesogen discovery from its origins in reproductive biology to its latest role in the transgenerational inheritance of obesity in mice. We discuss the development of adipose tissue in an embryo, maintenance of adipocyte number in adults, how EDC disruption programs stem cells to preferentially make more adipocytes, the mechanisms by which chemicals can permanently alter the germline epigenome, and whether there are barriers to EDCs in the gametes.