Extracting spatial-temporal features that describe a team match demands when considering the effects of the quality of opposition in elite football
Extracting spatial-temporal features that describe a team match demands when considering the effects of the quality of opposition in elite football
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0221368
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发表时间：
2019-08-22
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Sampaio, Jaime
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Goncalves, Bruno;Coutinho, Diogo;Sampaio, Jaime
游戏的时空模式可以从竞争环境中提取出来，以设计有代表性的训练任务和维持绩效结果的基本过程。为了支持这一说法，本研究的目的是：（i）描述集体行为模式，依赖于使用球员定位与队友，对手和球定位的互动;（ii）和定义变量之间的基础结构，通过应用因子分析。样本包括总共1，413个控球序列，来自一支球队的12场精英足球比赛（球队在赛季结束时排名前5）。球员（来自两个竞争团队）的动态位置以及球被捕获并转换为二维坐标。数据包括与顶级对手（TOP，赛季末排名前3位的三支球队）和与垫底对手（BOTTOM，赛季末排名最后3位的三支球队）进行的六场比赛的控球序列。每次控球计算的变量如下：球的位置;球队控球空间;比赛空间（包括两支球队的外场球员）;控球结束时的位置和空间。统计比较进行了基于量值的决策和零假设分析和因素分析，以确定潜在的结构变量之间根据所考虑的背景。结果表明，与TOP对手比赛时，比赛长度近似为38米，比赛宽度近似为43米，变异系数（%）为12%。控球持续了大约28秒，并倾向于在球场长度接近83米时结束。对底部的对手，减少在游戏长度增加游戏宽度和在最深的位置观察到的相比，对顶部的对手。控球的持续时间增加了相当多（类似于37秒），球速熵更高，这表明与顶级对手相比，规则性水平较低。底部团队揭示了一个小EPS。主成分分析表明，球的速度，球的速度的熵和球的速度的变异系数（%）的强关联。控球球队的EPS与比赛空间有很好的相关性，尤其是面对顶级对手的比赛宽度。对底部的对手，有一个很强的协会控球时间，游戏宽度，距离覆盖的球，和长度/宽度比的球运动。本研究所提出的整体研究方法，可作为指导教练员操作决策的定位行为规范模型的起点。
Spatiotemporal patterns of play can be extracted from competitive environments to design representative training tasks and underlying processes that sustain performance outcomes. To support this statement, the aims of this study were: (i) describe the collective behavioural patterns that relies upon the use of player positioning in interaction with teammates, opponents and ball positioning; (ii) and define the underlying structure among the variables through application of a factorial analysis. The sample comprised a total of 1,413 ball possession sequences, obtained from twelve elite football matches from one team (the team ended the season in the top-5 position). The dynamic position of the players (from both competing teams), as well as the ball, were captured and transformed to two-dimensional coordinates. Data included the ball possession sequences from six matches played against top opponents (TOP, the three teams classified in the first 3 places at the end of the season) and six matches against bottom opponents (BOTTOM, the three teams classified in the last 3 at the end of the season). The variables calculated for each ball possession were the following: ball position; team space in possession; game space (comprising the outfield players of both teams); position and space at the end of ball possession. Statistical comparisons were carried with magnitude-based decisions and null-hypothesis analysis and factor analysis to define the underlying structure among variables according to the considered contexts. Results showed that playing against TOP opponents, there was similar to 38 meters game length per similar to 43 meters game width with 12% of coefficient of variation (%). Ball possessions lasted for similar to 28 seconds and tended to end at similar to 83m of pitch length. Against BOTTOM opponents, a decrease in the game length with an increase in game width and in the deepest location was observed in comparison with playing against TOP opponents. The duration of ball possession increased considerable (similar to 37 seconds), and the ball speed entropy was higher, suggesting lower levels of regularity in comparison with TOP opponents. The BOTTOM teams revealed a small EPS. The Principal Component Analysis showed a strong association of the ball speed, entropy of the ball speed and the coefficient of variation (%) of the ball speed. The EPS of the team in possession was well correlated with the game space, especially the game width facing TOP opponents. Against BOTTOM opponents, there was a strong association of ball possession duration, game width, distance covered by the ball, and length/width ratio of the ball movement. The overall approach carried out in this study may serve as the starting point to elaborate normative models of positioning behaviours measures to support the coaches' operating decisions.