Patterns of reproduction and habitat use in an assemblage of Neotropical hylid frogs
Patterns of reproduction and habitat use in an assemblage of Neotropical hylid frogs
复制标题
新热带蛙类群的繁殖和栖息地利用模式
作者：
M. A. Donnelly;C. Guyer
我们在 15 个月内每周对哥斯达黎加东北部的池塘繁殖的水蛙进行普查，以了解繁殖模式、栖息地利用，并建立该群落成员相对丰度的基线数据。哥斯达黎加群体的繁殖是季节性的，只发生在潮湿的月份。在旱季，一些物种会鸣叫，但没有繁殖。三个物种（Agalychnis callidryas、Hyla ebraccata 和 Scinax elaeochroa）占研究期间观测结果的 75% 以上。这些物种在时间和空间上广泛重叠，但在基质使用和物候方面有所不同。两种叶蛙（A. callidryas 和 A. saltator）使用的栖息处明显高于其他物种。一些物候差异与不同的交配策略有关。爆炸性繁殖者（Scinax elaeochroa 和 Smilisca baudinii）在雨季早期最为常见。长期繁殖者（A. callidryas 和 H. ebraccata）是这个组合中最持久的成员。捕食影响这些水螅的早期和晚期生命史阶段。观察到两种蛇对树栖卵团的捕食。蜘蛛科蜘蛛捕食刚刚变形的青蛙和小型成虫。我们每周的样本被汇集到 21 天的周期中，以便我们可以将我们的结果与来自南美洲的两个无尾动物繁殖群落的结果进行比较。在哥斯达黎加青蛙群中观察到的模式与报道的南美池塘养殖青蛙的模式不同，但在所有三个群落中，繁殖都与潮湿时期有关。
We censused pond-breeding hylid frogs in northeastern Costa Rica weekly for 15 months to deseribe patterns of reproduction, habitat use, and to establish baseline data on relative abundance for members of the assemblage. Reproduction in the Costa Rican assemblage was seasonal and occurred only during wet months. Some species called, but none reproduced, during the dry season. Three species (Agalychnis callidryas, Hyla ebraccata, and Scinax elaeochroa) accounted for more than 75% of the observations made during the study. The species overlapped broadly in time and space, but differed in substrate use and phenology. Two species of leaf-breeding frogs (A. callidryas and A. saltator) used perches that were significantly higher than those used by the other species. Some phenological differences were associated with different mating strategies. Explosive breeders (Scinax elaeochroa and Smilisca baudinii) were most common early in the wet seasons. Prolonged breeders (A. callidryas and H. ebraccata) were the most persistent members of this assemblage. Predation affects early and late life history stages of these hylids. Predation on arboreal egg masses by two snake species was observed. Ctenid spiders preyed on recently metamorphosed frogs and small adults. Our weekly samples were pooled into 21-day periods so that we could compare our results with those obtained for two communities of breeding anurans from South America. The patterns observed in the Costa Rican assemblage differed from those reported for South American pond-breeding frogs, but in all three assemblages reproduction was associated with wet periods.