Visual Perceptual Learning and Models.

Visual Perceptual Learning and Models.
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DOI:
10.1146/annurev-vision-102016-061249
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发表时间:
2017-09-15
影响因子:
6
通讯作者:
Lu ZL
Lu ZL
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Dosher B;Lu ZL

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通过练习或训练的视觉感知学习可以显着提高视觉任务的表现。知觉学习最初被视为初级视觉皮层可塑性的表现,更容易理解为大脑网络功能的改善,这些网络整合了包括感觉表征,决策,注意力和奖励在内的过程,并平衡了可塑性与系统稳定性。本文综述了知觉学习的基本现象、知觉学习的理论及其对视觉加工和决策中信号和噪声的影响。模型,特别是计算模型,在感知学习机制的行为和生理评估中,以及在理解、预测和优化人类感知过程、学习和表现方面发挥着关键作用。从感官输入到决策的重新加权或读出所导致的性能改善为解释感知学习和迁移提供了强有力的理论框架,这可能被证明在真实的世界应用中优化学习是有用的。
Visual perceptual learning through practice or training can significantly improve performance on visual tasks. Originally seen as a manifestation of plasticity in the primary visual cortex, perceptual learning is more readily understood as improvements in the function of brain networks that integrate processes including sensory representations, decision, attention, and reward and balance plasticity with system stability. This review considers the primary phenomena of perceptual learning, and theories of perceptual learning and its effect on signal and noise in visual processing and decision. Models, especially computational models, play a key role in behavioral and physiological evaluation of the mechanisms of perceptual learning, and for understanding, predicting, and optimizing human perceptual processes, learning, and performance. Performance improvements resulting from reweighting or readout of sensory inputs to decision provide a strong theoretical framework for interpreting perceptual learning and transfer that may prove useful in optimizing learning in real world applications.
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