Evolution of the growth hormone, prolactin, prolactin 2 and somatolactin family
Evolution of the growth hormone, prolactin, prolactin 2 and somatolactin family
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ygcen.2018.01.007
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发表时间：
2018-08-01
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Larhammar, Dan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Daza, Daniel Ocampo;Larhammar, Dan
生长激素（GH）、催乳素（PRL）、催乳素2 （PRL2）和生长肌动素（SL）同属激素家族，具有发育、渗透调节、代谢和刺激生长等广泛作用。激素和受体家族都被认为是在早期脊椎动物进化中通过基因复制而扩大的。一个关键的问题是，激素受体的偏好是如何在复制体中产生的。解决这个问题的第一步是确定这些重复的时间窗口。具体来说，我们的目的是观察是否重复是由两个基础脊椎动物四倍体化（1R和2R）引起的。利用基于序列的系统发育分析和synteny比较，研究了来自广泛脊椎动物基因组的GH家族基因。我们得出结论，PRL和PRL2基因起源于1R/2R的共同祖先，如邻近基因家族所示。在这些四倍体化事件中没有保存其他基因副本。产生GH和PRL/PRL2的祖先基因来自于早期的重复；很可能是局部基因复制，因为它们在几个物种中是同工的。同样，一些证据表明，SL起源于同一时间窗口的祖先GH/SL基因的局部重复，解释了染色体邻居与GH， PRL或PRL2缺乏相似性。因此，祖先GH， PRL/ PRL2和SL基因的基本三联体似乎出乎意料地古老。在1R/2R之后，硬骨鱼特异性四倍化3R中只复制SL，从而产生SLa和SLb。这些时间窗口与我们最近的报告相反，该报告认为相应的受体基因GHR和PRLR是通过颌骨脊椎动物的局部复制产生的，并且两种受体基因在3R中进一步复制，这揭示了激素和受体基因复制的惊人的不同步。(C) 2018爱思唯尔公司版权所有。
Growth hormone (GH), prolactin (PRL), prolactin 2 (PRL2) and somatolactin (SL) belong to the same hormone family and have a wide repertoire of effects including development, osmoregulation, metabolism and stimulation of growth. Both the hormone and the receptor family have been proposed to have expanded by gene duplications in early vertebrate evolution. A key question is how hormone-receptor preferences have arisen among the duplicates. The first step to address this is to determine the time window for these duplications. Specifically, we aimed to see if duplications resulted from the two basal vertebrate tetraploidizations (1R and 2R). GH family genes from a broad range of vertebrate genomes were investigated using a combination of sequence-based phylogenetic analyses and comparisons of synteny. We conclude that the PRL and PRL2 genes arose from a common ancestor in 1R/2R, as shown by neighboring gene families. No other gene duplicates were preserved from these tetraploidization events. The ancestral genes that would give rise to GH and PRL/PRL2 arose from an earlier duplication; most likely a local gene duplication as they are syntenic in several species. Likewise, some evidence suggests that SL arose from a local duplication of an ancestral GH/SL gene in the same time window, explaining the lack of similarity in chromosomal neighbors to GH, PRL or PRL2. Thus, the basic triplet of ancestral GH, PRL/ PRL2 and SL genes appear to be unexpectedly ancient. Following 1R/2R, only SL was duplicated in the teleost-specific tetraploidization 3R, resulting in SLa and SLb. These time windows contrast with our recent report that the corresponding receptor genes GHR and PRLR arose through a local duplication in jawed vertebrates and that both receptor genes duplicated further in 3R, which reveals a surprising asynchrony in hormone and receptor gene duplications. (C) 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.