Insight into winter haze formation mechanisms based on aerosol hygroscopicity and effective density measurements
Insight into winter haze formation mechanisms based on aerosol hygroscopicity and effective density measurements
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基于气溶胶吸湿性和有效密度测量深入了解冬季雾霾形成机制
DOI：
10.5194/acp-17-7277-2017
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发表时间：
2017-06
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
Chen Hong
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Xie Yuanyuan;Ye Xingnan;Ma Zhen;Tao Ye;Wang Ruyu;Zhang Ci;Yang Xin;Chen Jianmin;Chen Hong
抽象的。我们描述了 2014 年冬季上海发生的一次具有代表性的颗粒物 (PM) 事件。在线测定了粒径分布、吸湿性、有效密度和单颗粒质谱法，并对水溶性无机离子进行了离线分析。 SNA∕PM1的质量比。 0（硫酸盐、硝酸盐和铵）在 0.28 左右小幅波动，表明无论污染水平如何，次生无机化合物和碳质气溶胶都对雾霾的形成做出了重大贡献。硝酸盐是雾霾期间最丰富的离子物质，这表明氮氧化物对上海雾霾形成的贡献大于二氧化硫。在代表性 PM 事件期间，计算出的 PM 始终与测量到的 PM1 一致。 0，表明污染水平的提高归因于较大颗粒数量的增加。随着 PM 事件的发展，近疏水基团的数量分数增加，表明局部排放的积累。三种香蕉状颗粒物的演变与PM1.0的快速增加一致。 0质量负载，表明可凝结材料的凝结导致的尺寸快速增长是造成严重雾霾形成的原因。在香蕉形演化过程中，随着粒径的增大，颗粒的吸湿性和有效密度均显着增加，表明NOx和SO2的二次转化是颗粒生长的最重要贡献者之一。我们的研究结果表明，停滞气象条件下气相和颗粒污染物的积累以及随后二次过程导致的颗粒物快速增长是上海冬季雾霾污染的主要原因。
Abstract. We characterize a representative particulate matter (PM) episode that occurred in Shanghai during winter 2014. Particle size distribution, hygroscopicity, effective density, and single particle mass spectrometry were determined online, along with offline analysis of water-soluble inorganic ions. The mass ratio of SNA ∕ PM1. 0 (sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium) fluctuated slightly around 0.28, suggesting that both secondary inorganic compounds and carbonaceous aerosols contributed substantially to the haze formation, regardless of pollution level. Nitrate was the most abundant ionic species during hazy periods, indicating that NOx contributed more to haze formation in Shanghai than did SO2. During the representative PM episode, the calculated PM was always consistent with the measured PM1. 0, indicating that the enhanced pollution level was attributable to the elevated number of larger particles. The number fraction of the near-hydrophobic group increased as the PM episode developed, indicating the accumulation of local emissions. Three banana-shaped particle evolutions were consistent with the rapid increase of PM1. 0 mass loading, indicating that the rapid size growth by the condensation of condensable materials was responsible for the severe haze formation. Both hygroscopicity and effective density of the particles increased considerably with growing particle size during the banana-shaped evolutions, indicating that the secondary transformation of NOx and SO2 was one of the most important contributors to the particle growth. Our results suggest that the accumulation of gas-phase and particulate pollutants under stagnant meteorological conditions and subsequent rapid particle growth by secondary processes were primarily responsible for the haze pollution in Shanghai during wintertime.
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探究北京冬季严重雾霾：天气天气、区域交通和异质反应的影响
影响因子：
6.3
作者：
Zheng G. J.;Duan F. K.;Su H.;Ma Y. L.;Cheng Y.;Zheng B.;Zhang Q.;Huang T.;Kimoto T.;Chang D.;Poeschl U.;Cheng Y. F.;He K. B.
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影响因子：
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作者：
Ye, Xingnan;Ma, Zhen;Hu, Dawei;Yang, Xin;Chen, Jianmin
通讯作者：
Chen, Jianmin
影响因子：
1.2
作者：
M. D. Maso;M. Kulmala;I. Riipinen;R. Wagner;T. Hussein;P. Aalto;K. Lehtinen
通讯作者：
M. D. Maso;M. Kulmala;I. Riipinen;R. Wagner;T. Hussein;P. Aalto;K. Lehtinen
影响因子：
6.3
作者：
Yuan Wang;Q. Wan;W. Meng;F. Liao;H. Tan;Renyi Zhang
通讯作者：
Yuan Wang;Q. Wan;W. Meng;F. Liao;H. Tan;Renyi Zhang
影响因子：
6.3
作者：
Petters, M. D.;Kreidenweis, S. M.
通讯作者：
Kreidenweis, S. M.