ライフサイクルアセスメント (LCA)の最近の動向と今後の課題
ライフサイクルアセスメント (LCA)の最近の動向と今後の課題
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生命周期评估（LCA）的最新趋势和未来挑战
DOI：
10.2473/shigentosozai.115.565
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发表时间：
1999
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
敦 稲葉
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
敦 稲葉
生命周期评估（LCA）是一种用于评估产品或服务在其生命周期内的环境因素和潜在影响的方法。生命周期评价的方法目前正在标准化为ISO 14040系列。根据ISO 14040，LCA框架由4个要素组成：1）目标和范围定义，2）库存分析，3）影响评估，4）解释。首先，LCA研究的目标和范围应明确定义，并与预期应用一致。在清单分析中，对某一产品系统在其整个生命周期的投入和产出进行汇编和量化。影响评估是一个旨在理解和评估产品系统潜在环境影响的程度和重要性的阶段。在解释时，将清单分析或影响评估或两者的结果结合起来，使之与所确定的目标和范围保持一致，以便得出结论和建议。人们认识到，生命周期评估仍处于发展的早期阶段。生命周期评估技术的某些阶段，如影响评估，仍处于相对初期阶段。为了进一步提高生命周期评估的实践水平，仍有大量工作要做，还需要取得实践经验。本文综述了生命周期评价的研究现状和未来的任务。
Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a methodology for assessing the environmental aspects and potential impacts associated with a product or service during its life cycle. The methodology of LCA is now being standardized as ISO 14040 series. According to ISO 14040, LCA framework consists of 4 elements：1)Goal and Scope definition, 2)Inventory analysis, 3)Impact assessment, 4)Interpretation. First, the goal and scope of an LCA study shall be clearly defined and consistent with the intended application. In inventory analysis, carried out the compilation and quantification of inputs and outputs are for a given product system throughout its life cycle. Impact assessment is a phase aimed at understanding and evaluating the magnitude and significance of the potential environmental impacts of a product system. In interpretation, the findings of either the inventory analysis or the impact assessment, or both, are combined consistent with the defined goal and scope in order to reach conclusions and recommendations. It is recognized that LCA is still at an early stage of development. Some phases of the LCA technique, such as impact assessment, are still in relative infancy. Considerable work remains to be done and practical experience gained in order to develop the level of LCA practice further. The current status and futute tasks on LCA are reviwed in this paper.