FOCUS: Estimated wheat yields during the emergence of agriculture based on the carbon isotope discrimination of grains: Evidence from a 10th millennium BP site on the Euphrates
FOCUS: Estimated wheat yields during the emergence of agriculture based on the carbon isotope discrimination of grains: Evidence from a 10th millennium BP site on the Euphrates
复制标题
DOI：
10.1006/jasc.2000.0569
复制
发表时间：
2001-04-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Molist, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Araus, JL;Slafer, GA;Molist, M
考古遗址中作物种子的碳同位素鉴别力（Delta）分析可能有助于评估早期农业的产量。小麦是近东最早驯化的作物之一。在这里，产量模型的基础上，从目前的硬粒小麦（硬粒小麦Def.）它是使用广泛的基因型开发的，其中大部分是在东地中海盆地（叙利亚）种植的。强正线性回归（r（2）=0（.）72)在对数基础上的产量和谷物A之间进行了观察。通过将考古谷物的Delta值与上述关系拟合，获得了古代小麦产量的初步估计。随后对产量估计值进行了修正，以考虑到古代样本三角洲没有考虑到的古代和现代作物之间的两个主要差异：大气CO2水平和谷物/地上总生物量比率。然后，该模型被用来估计裸小麦（硬粒小麦/普通小麦）的产量达到告诉Halula，和早期的农业网站，从中期前陶器新石器时代B（PPNB，c.9550 BP校准）到新石器时代晚期（前哈拉夫，c8630 BP校准）。这是幼发拉底河中部地区（叙利亚拉卡省）最早的考古定居点，据报道，在那里种植了驯化的裸小麦。根据该地点发现的小麦颗粒的Delta计算的生产力相对较高，平均值（平均值+/- S.D.）1（.）56 +/-0（.）28毫克公顷（-2）。虽然这些产量远低于该地区目前灌溉小麦作物所达到的产量（如3（.）83兆公顷（-2），拉卡省1987-1996年期间的平均值），它们高于该半干旱地区目前干旱条件下小麦的产量（1（.）95 Ng ha（-1）），并表明自然生长条件比今天普遍的条件更潮湿。此外，我们对泰勒·哈卢拉的估计表明，新石器时代的农业实践可能比野生谷物的预期产量更高，这将有利于从采集到种植的过渡。
The analysis of carbon isotope discrimination (Delta) in crop seeds from archaeological sites may help to assess yield during early agriculture. Wheat was among the first crops to be domesticated in the Near East. Here, a yield model based on Delta in grains from present-day crops of durum wheat (Triticum durum Def.) is developed using a wide range of genotypes, most of which were cultivated in the Eastern Mediterranean basin (Syria). A strong positive linear regression (r(2)=0 (.)72) between yield on a logarithmic basis and grain A was observed. Initial estimates of ancient wheat yield were then obtained by fitting the Delta values of archaeological grains to the above relationship. The yield estimates were subsequently corrected to take into consideration the two main differences between ancient and modern crops not accounted for by the Delta of ancient sample: atmospheric CO2 levels and grain/total above-ground biomass ratio. The model was then used to estimated yields of naked wheat (Triticum durum/aestivum) attained at Tell Halula, and early agricultural site, ranging from Middle Pre-Pottery Neolithic B (PPNB, c.9550 BP calibrated) to Late Neolithic (Pre-Halaf, c8630 BP calibrated). This is the earliest archaeological settlement in the Middle Euphrates region (Rakka Governorate, Syria) at which the cultivation of domesticated, naked wheat has been reported. Productivity, calculated from Delta of wheat grains found at this site, was relatively high, with an average (mean +/- S.D.) of 1(.)56 +/-0(.)28 Mg ha(-2). Although these yields are well below those attained in this region by present-day wheat crops under irrigation (e.g. 3(.)83 Mg ha(-2), mean value for 1987-1996 period at Rakka Governorate), they are higher than those achieved for wheat under the current rainfed conditions of this semi-arid region (1(.)95 Ng ha(-1)) and suggest natural growing conditions were wetter than those that are prevalent today. In addition, our estimates for Tell Halula suggest that Neolithic agricultural practices may have produced greater yields than those to be expected from strands of wild cereals, which would have favoured the transition from gathering to cultivation.